提示：此条目页的主题不是
赫梯语。
哈梯语（Hattic）或者哈提安语（Hattian）是一种非印欧语系的黏着语[3][4]，由公元前 2 世纪小亚细亚的哈梯人使用。语言学家将这种语言称为“Hattic”，以区别于赫梯帝国的印欧语系赫梯语。赫梯人称该语言为“hattili”（哈梯语本身没有对自身语言的名称）。该名字无疑与亚述人和埃及人将幼发拉底河以西的地区称为“哈蒂之地”（Khatti）有关。
Quick Facts 哈梯语, 区域 ...
Close
在赫梯语使用者到来之前，安纳托利亚最古老的语言的中心地带范围从哈图沙（之后的“哈图斯”）向北到内里克，其他城市包括图胡米亚拉（Tuhumiyara）和蒂萨鲁利亚（Tissaruliya）。西元前 18 世纪，讲赫梯语的人征服了从卡内什到南部的哈图斯。他们最终同化或取代了哈梯语使用者（即哈梯人），但又保留了该地区“Hatti”的称呼。该地区居民的名字同样与圣经中的赫斯 (Heth) 相同，而英语单词赫梯 (Hittite) 又源于该词。
保守的观点认为哈梯语是一种孤立语言，与邻近的印欧语和闪米特语不同。然而，根据地名和人名，其似乎可能与其他未经证实的卡斯基亚语有关。哈梯语与阿布哈索-阿迪格语（西北高加索语系）以及卡特维利亚语（南高加索语系）之间的某些相似之处亦导致一些学者提出了从安纳托利亚中部到高加索地区有存在着语言集团的可能性[5][6][7][8]。根据Alexey Kassian的说法，哈梯语和叶尼塞语以及布鲁夏斯基语之间也可能存在词汇对应关系。例如，“舌头”在哈梯语中是alef，而在科特语中是alup，“月亮”在哈梯语中是kap，在凯特语中是qīp，“山”在哈梯语中是ziš，在布鲁夏斯基语中是ćhiṣ（亦可与“*čɨʔs”– 原始叶尼塞语中的“石头”一词比较）[9][10]。
一些已知的哈梯语词汇包括：
- alef = 舌头
- ashaf = 神
- fa-zari = 人类、人口
- fel = 房子
- *findu = “酒”（在复合词“findu-qkaram”（酒匙）中找到）
- fur = 土地
- Furun-Katte = “大地之王”，哈梯战神
- Furu-Semu = 哈梯太阳女神
- Hanfasuit = 哈梯王座女神
- hilamar = 寺庙
- Kasku = 哈梯月神
- katte = 国王
- -nifas = 坐
- pinu = 儿童
- zari = 凡人
- -zi = 放…
哈梯语 at MultiTree on the Linguist List Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Hattic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. Kevin James, A Mystery in Clay: Codes, Languages, and a Journey Through Time to the Last Ice Age, p.148, AuthorHouse, 2009: "They called themselves Hattie, and spoke a non-Indo-European language called Hattic."
The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 22, p.593: "The non-Indo-European Hattic is an agglutinative language ..."
Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. (1985). "On the Relationship of Hattic to the Northwest Caucasian languages," in B.B. Piotrovskij, Vyacheslav V. Ivanov, and Vladislav G. Ardzinba (eds.), Anatoliya – Ancient Anatolia, Moscow: Nauka. pp 26–59 (in Russian)
John Colarusso (1997). Peoples of the Caucasus; in Introduction to the Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life; Pepper Pike, Ohio: Eastword Publications
Ardzinba, V.G. (1979). “Nekotorye sxodnye strukturnye priznaki xattskogo i abxazo-adygskix jazykov”. Peredneasiatskij Sbornik III: i storija i filologija a tran drevnego vostoka, pp 26-37. Moscow: Nauka
Dunaevskaja, I.M. & D´jakonov, I.M. (1979). “Xattskij (protoxettskij) jazyk”. Jazyki Azii i Afriki, III. Jazyki drevnej perednej Azii (nesemitskie), Iberijsko-Kavkazskie jazyki, Paleoaziatskie jazyki. G.D. Sanžeev, (ed.) pp 79-83. Moskva. Nauka
Касьян А.С. (2010). Хаттский язык // Языки мира: Древние реликтовые языки Передней Азии / РАН. Институт языкознания. Под ред. Н.Н. Казанского, А.А. Кибрика, Ю.Б. Корякова. М.: Academia. (in Russian)
Kassian, A. (2009–2010) Hattic as a Sino-Caucasian language // Ugarit-Forschungen. Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas. Bd 41. pp 309–447.
- Akurgal, Ekrem – The Hattian and Hittite Civilizations; Publications of the Republic of Turkey; Ministry of Culture; 2001; 300 pages; ISBN 975-17-2756-1
- Ardzinba, Vladislav. (1974): Some Notes on the Typological Affinity Between Hattian and North-West Caucasian (Abkhazo-Adygian) Languages. In: "Internationale Tagung der Keilschriftforscher der sozialistischen Länder", Budapest, 23.-25. April 1974. Zusammenfassung der Vorträge (Assyriologica 1), p. 10-15.
- Ardzinba, V.G. (1979): “Nekotorye sxodnye strukturnye priznaki xattskogo i abxazo-adygskix jazykov”. Peredneasiatskij Sbornik III: istorija i filologija stran drevnego vostoka, 26-37. Moscow: Nauka
- Chirikba, Viacheslav (1996): Common West Caucasian. The Reconstruction of its Phonological System and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology. Leiden: CNWS Publications, 452 pp. [Chapter XI. The relation of West Caucasian to Hattic, p. 406-432].
- Dunaevskaja, Irina. (1973): Bemerkungen zu einer neuen Darstellung altkleinasiatischer Sprachen. 2. Zum Hattischen. In: Orientalische Literaturzeitung 68, Leipzig, 1/2.
- Дунаевская И. М. О структурном сходстве хаттского языка с языками северо-западного Кавказа. – Сборник в честь академика Н. А. Орбели. – М.-Л., 1960.
- Dunaevskaja, I. M. & D´jakonov, I. M. 1979. “Xattskij (protoxettskij) jazyk”. In: Jazyki Azii i Afriki, III. Jazyki drevnej perednej Azii (nesemitskie), Iberijsko-Kavkazskie jazyki, Paleoaziatskie jazyki, ed. by G. D. Sanžeev, p. 79-83. Moskva. Nauka.text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Girbal, Christian. (1986): Beiträge zur Grammatik des Hattischen (Europäische Hochschulschriften Reihe XXI, Bd. 50). Frankfurt am Main, Bern, New York: Verlag Peter Lang, V+201 pages.
- Goedegebuure, Petra M. (2010): The Alignment of Hattian. An Active Language with Ergative Base. Babel und Bibel 4/2: 949-981 (= Leonid Kogan et al. (Hg.): Language in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale I.2.). text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Ivanov, Vyacheslav V., "On the Relationship of Hattic to the Northwest Caucasian Languages," in B. B. Piotrovskij, Vyacheslav V. Ivanov and Vladislav G. Ardzinba, eds., Drevnyaya Anatoliya – Ancient Anatolia, Moscow: Nauka (1985) 26-59. In Russian with English summary.
- Kammenhuber, Annelis (1969): Das Hattische. In: Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abteilung I, Bd II, Abschn. 1/2.
- Касьян А.С. (2010). Хаттский язык // Языки мира: Древние реликтовые языки Передней Азии / РАН. Институт языкознания. Под ред. Н.Н. Казанского, А.А. Кибрика, Ю.Б. Корякова. М.: Academia. (in Russian). text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Klinger, Jörg. (1996): (StBoT 37) Untersuchungen zur Rekonstruktion der hattischen Kultschicht. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, xx+916 p.
- Rizza, Alfredo. (2007): I pronomi enclitici nei testi etei di traduzione dal Hattico. Pavia. (Studia Mediterranea 20).
- Schrijver, Peter (2018): The Verbal Syntax of Hattian. Altorientalische Forschungen 2018; 45(2): 213–245. text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Schrijver, Peter (2019): Talking Neolithic: The Case for Hatto-Minoan and its Relationship to Sumerian. In Kroonen, Guus and Mallory, James P. and Comrie, Bernard (eds.), Proceedings of the workshop on Indo-European origins held at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, December 2-3, 2013, 336-374. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man. text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Schuster, H.-S. (1974): Die hattisch-hethitischen Bilinguen. I. Einleitung, Texte und Kommentar. Teil 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
- Soysal, Oğuz (2004): Hattischer Wortschatz in hethitischer Textüberlieferung, Leiden/Boston: Brill.
- Taracha, P. (1995): Zum Stand der hattischen Studien: Mögliches und Unmögliches in der Erforschung des Hattischen. In: Atti del II Congresso Internaziomale di Hittitologia a curo di Onofrio Carruba – Mauro Giorgieri – Clelia Mora. Studia mediterranea. 9. Gianni Iuculano Editore. Pavia, p. 351-358.
- Kevin Tuite (Université de Montréal): The rise and fall and revival of the Ibero-Caucasian hypothesis. text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Zsolt, Simon. (2012): Untersuchungen zur hattischen Grammatik. Phonologie, Morphologie und Syntax. Budapest, PhD thesis. text online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
