二甲基二氯化锡

二甲基二氯化锡
	IUPAC名; dichlorodimethylstannane
英文名	Dimethyltin dichloride
别名	二氯化二甲基锡
识别
CAS号	753-73-1
SMILES	C[Sn](Cl)(C)Cl;
性质
化学式	C2H6Cl2Sn
摩尔质量	219.66 g·mol⁻¹
外观	无色晶体
密度	1.397 g·cm−3
熔点	107 °C（380 K）
沸点	185—190 °C（458—463 K）; 500 °C（773 K）（分解）
溶解性（水）	82.3 g
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

二甲基二氯化锡是一种有机锡化合物，化学式为(CH₃)₂SnCl₂。这种金属有机化合物形成正交晶系的晶体。^[5]

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用途

二甲基二氯化锡可以在加工聚氯乙烯（PVC）时作为热稳定剂，用来抑制PVC在加工时的热分解^[6]。另外，二甲基二氯化锡也可以用来生产能够选择性反射热辐射的隔热玻璃^[7]。

制备

二甲基二氯化锡可由液态锡和氯甲烷在NaAlCl₄催化下分步反应制得。^[8]该反应也可以由铜催化进行：^[9]

Sn + CH₃Cl → CH₃SnCl

CH₃SnCl + CH₃Cl → (CH₃)₂SnCl₂

三甲基氯化锡的氯化反应也能制得二甲基二氯化锡，但是为使反应平稳进行，需要对反应进行避光处理。^[10]

性质

二甲基二氯化锡可溶于水，并在水中解离：^[11]

(CH₃)₂SnCl₂ + x H₂O ⇌ (CH₃)₂Sn(H₂O)_x²⁺ + 2 Cl⁻

(CH₃)₂Sn(H₂O)_x²⁺ + H₂O ⇌ (CH₃)₂Sn(H₂O)_x－1(OH)⁺ + H₃O⁺

它可以和吡啶、1,10-菲啰啉等路易斯碱或席夫碱金属配合物形成加合物。^[11]^[12]

二甲基二氯化锡和氟化氢反应，得到混合卤化物(CH₃)₂SnClF；它和三甲基碘硅烷反应，可以得到(CH₃)₂SnI₂。^[13]它和甲醇钠的反应生成甲醇盐(CH₃)₂Sn(OCH₃)₂。^[14]

它与2-吡啶硒酚钠及硼氢化钠反应，经重结晶后可以得到无色的[(CH₃)₂Sn(2-SeC₅H₄N)₂]正交晶体。^[15]

参考文献

[1]
"Metal-Organics Catalog" physical property data were obtained from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, Pennsylvania (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2019-07-24]
[2]
Arbuzov, B. A.; Pudovik, A. N. Organophosphorus-tin compounds. I. Synthesis of compounds R₃SnPO₃R'2. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1947. 17: 2158-2165. ISSN: 0044-460X.
[3]
Manulkin, Z. M. Cleavage of radicals in metallo-organic compounds of group IV. V. Cleavage of radicals by action of hydrogen chloride and mercury sublimate on compounds of type R₄M, where M is tin, lead, or silicon. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1946. 16: 235-242. ISSN: 0044-460X.
[4]
van Mol, A. M.B.; de Croon, M. H.J.M.; Spee, C. I.M.A.; Schouten, J. C. Kinetic mechanism of the decomposition of dimethyltin dichloride. Le Journal de Physique IV. 1999, 09 (PR8): Pr8–165–Pr8–172. ISSN 1155-4339. doi:10.1051/jp4:1999820.
[5]
Davies, Alwyn G.; Milledge, H. Judith; Puxley, David C.; Smith, Peter J. Crystal structure and Mössbauer spectrum of dimethyltin dichloride. J. Chem. Soc. A. 1970, 0 (0): 2862–2866. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/J19700002862.
[6]
ECHA: CLH - Report Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation) - Substance Name: dimethyltin dichloride, DMTC （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.
[7]
Umweltbundesamt: D. Klingmüller, B. Watermann mit Unterstützung des Umweltbundesamtes: TBT – Zinnorganische Verbindungen – Eine wissenschaftliche Bestandsaufnahme （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ISSN 0722-186X, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.
[8]
v. Rumohr, A.; Sundermeyer, W.; Towae, W. Chemische Reaktionen in Salzschmelzen. XIX. Zur Direktsynthese des Dimethylzinndichlorids, (CH₃)₂SnCl₂. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1983, 499 (4): 75–80. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19834990409.
[9]
Smith, A. C.; Rochow, Eugene G. Direct Synthesis of Organotin Halides. I. Preparation of Dimethyltin Dichloride1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1953, 75 (16): 4103–4105. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01112a529.
[10]
Kraus, Charles A.; Greer, Willard N. The Dimethyltin Group and Some of Its Reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1925, 47 (10): 2568–2575. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01687a022.
[11]
Beattie, I. R.; McQuillan, G. P. 286. Addition compounds of organotin halides with Lewis bases. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1963: 1519. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9630001519.
[12]
Asadi, Mozaffar; Jamshid, Khosrow Aein; Kyanfar, Ali Hossein. Thermodynamic Studies of the Interaction of Nickel(II) Schiff Base Complexes with Diorganotin (IV) Dichlorides in Non-Aqueous Solvents. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 2007, 37 (2): 77–83. ISSN 1553-3174. doi:10.1080/15533170601187391.
[13]
Armitage, D. A.; Tarassoli, A. Synthesis of organotin mixed dihalides. Inorganic Chemistry. 2002, 14 (5): 1210–1211. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50147a050.
[14]
Amberger, Eberhard; Kula, Maria Regina. Methoxides of tin. Chemische Berichte, 1963. 96 (10): 2562-2565. ISSN: 0009-2940.
[15]
Sharma, Rakesh K.; Kedarnath, G.; Wadawale, Amey; Betty, C. A.; Vishwanadh, B.; Jain, Vimal K. Diorganotin(iv) 2-pyridyl selenolates: synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of tin selenide nanocrystals and thin films. Dalton Transactions. 2012, 41 (39): 12129. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/c2dt31197f.

拓展阅读

Nafisi, Shohreh; Sobhanmanesh, Amir; Esm-Hosseini, Majid; Alimoghaddam, Kamran; Tajmir-Riahi, Heidar Ali. Interaction of antitumor drug Sn(CH₃)₂Cl₂ with DNA and RNA. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2005, 750 (1-3): 22–27. ISSN 0022-2860. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.04.008.
Gharib, Farrokh; Amini, Mostafa Mohammadpour; Haghgou, Afshin. Hydrolysis of Dimethyltin(IV)Dichloride in Different Ionic Media. Main Group Metal Chemistry. 2003, 26 (6): 381–390. ISSN 2191-0219. doi:10.1515/MGMC.2003.26.6.381.

[1] [1]
"Metal-Organics Catalog" physical property data were obtained from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, Pennsylvania (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2019-07-24]

[2] [2]
Arbuzov, B. A.; Pudovik, A. N. Organophosphorus-tin compounds. I. Synthesis of compounds R₃SnPO₃R'2. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1947. 17: 2158-2165. ISSN: 0044-460X.

[3] [3]
Manulkin, Z. M. Cleavage of radicals in metallo-organic compounds of group IV. V. Cleavage of radicals by action of hydrogen chloride and mercury sublimate on compounds of type R₄M, where M is tin, lead, or silicon. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1946. 16: 235-242. ISSN: 0044-460X.

[4] [4]
van Mol, A. M.B.; de Croon, M. H.J.M.; Spee, C. I.M.A.; Schouten, J. C. Kinetic mechanism of the decomposition of dimethyltin dichloride. Le Journal de Physique IV. 1999, 09 (PR8): Pr8–165–Pr8–172. ISSN 1155-4339. doi:10.1051/jp4:1999820.

[5] [5]
Davies, Alwyn G.; Milledge, H. Judith; Puxley, David C.; Smith, Peter J. Crystal structure and Mössbauer spectrum of dimethyltin dichloride. J. Chem. Soc. A. 1970, 0 (0): 2862–2866. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/J19700002862.

[ECHA-6] [6]
ECHA: CLH - Report Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation) - Substance Name: dimethyltin dichloride, DMTC （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.

[umweltbundesamt-7] [7]
Umweltbundesamt: D. Klingmüller, B. Watermann mit Unterstützung des Umweltbundesamtes: TBT – Zinnorganische Verbindungen – Eine wissenschaftliche Bestandsaufnahme （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ISSN 0722-186X, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.

[8] [8]
v. Rumohr, A.; Sundermeyer, W.; Towae, W. Chemische Reaktionen in Salzschmelzen. XIX. Zur Direktsynthese des Dimethylzinndichlorids, (CH₃)₂SnCl₂. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1983, 499 (4): 75–80. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19834990409.

[9] [9]
Smith, A. C.; Rochow, Eugene G. Direct Synthesis of Organotin Halides. I. Preparation of Dimethyltin Dichloride1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1953, 75 (16): 4103–4105. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01112a529.

[10] [10]
Kraus, Charles A.; Greer, Willard N. The Dimethyltin Group and Some of Its Reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1925, 47 (10): 2568–2575. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01687a022.

[BeattieMcQuillan1963-11] [11]
Beattie, I. R.; McQuillan, G. P. 286. Addition compounds of organotin halides with Lewis bases. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1963: 1519. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9630001519.

[12] [12]
Asadi, Mozaffar; Jamshid, Khosrow Aein; Kyanfar, Ali Hossein. Thermodynamic Studies of the Interaction of Nickel(II) Schiff Base Complexes with Diorganotin (IV) Dichlorides in Non-Aqueous Solvents. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 2007, 37 (2): 77–83. ISSN 1553-3174. doi:10.1080/15533170601187391.

[13] [13]
Armitage, D. A.; Tarassoli, A. Synthesis of organotin mixed dihalides. Inorganic Chemistry. 2002, 14 (5): 1210–1211. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50147a050.

[14] [14]
Amberger, Eberhard; Kula, Maria Regina. Methoxides of tin. Chemische Berichte, 1963. 96 (10): 2562-2565. ISSN: 0009-2940.

[15] [15]
Sharma, Rakesh K.; Kedarnath, G.; Wadawale, Amey; Betty, C. A.; Vishwanadh, B.; Jain, Vimal K. Diorganotin(iv) 2-pyridyl selenolates: synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of tin selenide nanocrystals and thin films. Dalton Transactions. 2012, 41 (39): 12129. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/c2dt31197f.

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