Ia超新星(Type Ia supernova)是一种发生在联星系统中的超新星,其中一颗恒星是白矮星,而另一颗恒星则大到巨星小到白矮星皆有可能[1]。白矮星是已完成其正常生命周期核融合反应的恒星残骸。但是,一般最常见的碳-氧白矮星,如果它们的温度上升得足够高,仍有进行核融合反应,进一步释放大量能量的能力。物理上,低自转速率的碳-氧白矮星的质量会低于1.44M☉[2][3]。有点令人费解的是,尽管与电子简并压力无法阻挡灾难性坍缩的钱德拉塞卡质量(Chandrasekhar mass)有所不同,这个限制通常被称为钱德拉塞卡极限。如果一颗白矮星可以从其联星系统的伴星逐渐吸积质量,一般假设当其接近此一质量极限时,核心将达到碳融合的点火温度。如果白矮星与另一颗恒星合并(极为罕见的事件),它将在瞬间就超越了质量限制并开始坍缩,也会再次提升温度超越核融合的燃点。在启动核融合之后几秒钟,白矮星绝大部分的质量会经历热失控反应,释放出极为巨大的能量(1–7044200000000000000♠2×1044J)[4],在超新星爆炸中解除恒星的束缚[5]。
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