胭脂虫(学名:Dactylopius coccus)又名洋红虫、墨西哥胭脂虫或美洲胭脂虫,是胭蚧科胭蚧属的一种介壳虫,原产于美洲。以仙人掌属植物的汁液为食。其身长可达5毫米。
提示:此条目介绍的是源于
胭蚧科的深红色染料用昆虫,请勿将其与同用于深红色染料、但源于欧洲的
硕蚧科胭脂虫
亚美尼亚胭脂虫或
波兰胭脂虫和
红蚧科胭脂虫
朱红胭脂虫混淆。
Quick Facts 胭脂虫, 科学分类 ...
胭脂虫
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左:雌虫;右:雄虫
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科学分类
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界:
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动物界 Animalia
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门:
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节肢动物门 Arthropoda
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纲:
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昆虫纲 Insecta
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目:
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半翅目 Hemiptera
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科:
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胭蚧科 Dactylopiidae
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属:
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胭蚧属 Dactylopius
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种:
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胭脂虫 D. coccus
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二名法
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Dactylopius coccus
Costa, 1835
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异名
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- Coccus cacti Linnaeus, 1758
- Pseudococcus cacti Burmeister, 1839
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胭脂虫雌虫体内含胭脂红酸,可以用来制造绯红色染料(胭脂红)。胭脂虫是哥伦布交换(Columbian Exchange)之一。在地理大发现时代,在哥伦布发现美洲之初,胭脂虫被引入了欧洲。当运送胭脂虫的西班牙商船被英国或德国的海盗劫掠时,对胭脂虫的价值和用处一无所知的海盗们往往会把货物扔进大海。
目前,胭脂虫被使用于布料染色、食用色素和化妆品。但作为食用色素时(例如常见于草莓果酱),多会加注警语,以防素食者误食及避免过量服用胭脂虫食用色素。
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