大到不能倒

大到不能倒（英语：too big to fail，缩写：TBTF）是一个经济学上的概念，指当一些规模极大或在产业中具有关键性重要地位的企业濒临破产时，政府不能等闲视之，甚至要不惜以公帑相救，投入人民血汗钱来维持那些巨头的运作，避免倒闭后所掀起的连锁反应造成社会整体更严重的伤害，这种情况即称为“大到不能倒”。

美国纽约波基普西储蓄银行大楼的旧金库被联邦参议员伯尼·桑德斯的竞选团队人员装饰，贴上“如果一家银行大到不能倒，那么它就大到不该存在。”

事例

2008年，环球金融危机爆发后，美国国际集团（AIG）陷入财困，联邦储备局给予850亿美元借贷，避免金融机构出现骨牌式的倒闭。

延伸阅读

• Big Bank Takeover: How Too-Big-To-Fail's Army of Lobbyists Has Captured Washington (PDF). 2009-05-11 [2018-11-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-07）.
• Carping about the TARP: Congress wrangles over how best to avoid financial Armageddon. The Economist. 2008-09-23 [2018-11-10]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-25）.
• Kaufman, George G. Are Some Banks Too Large to Fail? Myth and Reality. Contemporary Economic Policy. 1990, 8 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00298.x.
• Mishkin, Frederic S. How Big a Problem is Too Big to Fail? A Review of Gary Stern and Ron Feldman's Too Big to Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts. Journal of Economic Literature. 2006, 44 (4): 988–1004. doi:10.1257/002205106779436233.
• O'Hara, Maureen; Shaw, Wayne. Deposit Insurance and Wealth Effects: The Value of Being 'Too Big to Fail'. Journal of Finance (American Finance Association). 1990, 45 (5): 1587–1600. JSTOR 2328751. doi:10.2307/2328751.
• Stern, Gary H.; Feldman, Ron J. Too Big to Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8157-8152-0.
• Moseley, Fred. Time for Permanent Nationalization. Dollars & Sense. January–February 2009 [2009-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-14）.
• Who is Too Big to Fail?: Does Title II of the Dodd–Frank Act Enshrine Taxpayer Funded Bailouts?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 15, 2013
• Who Is Too Big To Fail: Are Large Financial Institutions Immune from Federal Prosecution?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House Of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 22, 2013
• Federal Reserve - List of Banks with Assets Greater than $10 billion（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

参见

• 系统重要性金融机构
• 财阀
• 2007年–2008年环球金融危机