Zijlstra C, Okkens AC. Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in a Miniature Schnauzer Dog with Signs of Feminization and a Sertoli Cell Tumour. Reprod. Domest.
比起刻意隱瞞性別者,比較多的情況是性別處於模糊地帶或自己不清楚自己的性別,例如其中有的是睪丸女性化症候群(英语:testicular-feminizationsyndrome),該疾病會讓XY的男性發育成女性的外表。 Barr, M. L.; Bertram, E. G. A Morphological
breast contour with or without progestins.) Morris JM. The syndrome of testicularfeminization in male pseudohermaphrodites. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1953-06