地脆弱,容易发霉和失去光泽。这种树在中非共和国、加蓬和赤道几内亚的班图人中具有传统的医疗用途。 Aweto, Albert O. ShiftingCultivation and Secondary Succession in the Tropics. CABI. 2013: 78. ISBN 978-1-78064-043-3
Anthropology, New York: Crowell, 1973 ———, The culture-ecology of shifting (pioneering) cultivation among the Yanomamo Indians, GROSS, DR (编), International Congress
phase of shiftingcultivation. Plant and Soil. 2000, 220 (1-2): 247–260. P. S. Ramakrishnan; Suprava Patnaik. Jhum: Slash and Burn Cultivation. India International
爵開展世界上首個大型永久森林保育計劃,這計劃後來成為其他英屬殖民地,甚至是美國的仿傚對像。在1860年,當局禁止了毀林輪墾(英语:shiftingcultivation)的耕作方式。 休·克萊格霍恩(英语:Hugh Francis Cleghorn)博士於1861年的著作《南印度的的森林和花園》(The
Macmillan. 1967. Derek Freeman. Iban Agriculture: A Report on the ShiftingCultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak. H.M. Stationery Office. 1955