本種幼蟲可以多種榆科植物為食,一年多世代。 P. c. c-album:歐洲 P. c. imperfecta(Blachier, 1908):北美洲 P. c. extensa(Leech, 1892):中國華西、華中 P. c. kultukensis(Kleinschmidt, 1929):外貝加爾山脈 P. c. hamigera(Butler
ISBN 978-0-498-07521-6. Leech, Margaret. In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. 1959. OCLC 456809. McElroy, Richard L. William McKinley