核因子κ-B配体受体致活剂(Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand,RANKL)又称NF-κB受体激活蛋白配体[1],是一种在人体中由“TNFSF基因”转译出来的蛋白质[2][3]。
Quick Facts 核因子κ-B配体受体致活剂 (RANKL), 有效结构 ...
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RANKL为肿瘤坏死因子超家族的一员,属于第二型穿膜蛋白[4]。可以影响免疫系统和调控骨质新生和重塑。
RANKL在骨骼的新陈代谢方面,扮演着相当重要的角色。他是造骨细胞(osteoblast)膜上的一种膜蛋白(又被称为CD254),可以活化破骨细胞(osteoclast),会加速破骨细胞破坏骨质并被吸收,为骨质更新的重要一环。当造骨细胞膜上的RANKL,活化了破骨细胞膜上的RANK蛋白,蚀骨作用就会开始。
RANKL的其他别名还有:“肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族成员11”(tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11,TNFSF11)、“肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导细胞因子”(TNF-related activation-induced cytokine,TRANCE)、“破骨细胞抑制因子配体”(osteoprotegerin ligand,OPGL)或破骨细胞分化因子(osteoclast differentiation factor,ODF)。
RANKL是肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)超家族的一员,为破骨细胞抑制因子(osteoprotegerin)的配体,属于一种Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白。RANKL可以增强成熟蚀骨细胞的活力,阻止破骨细胞凋亡。[5]
免疫上,RANKL被视为是树突细胞的存活因子。在“依赖T免疫反应”的途径下(即反应必须经由辅助T细胞所致活),RANKL可阻止树突细胞凋亡,促进T淋巴细胞增殖,且在淋巴细胞的早期发育和淋巴结的器官发育中发挥决定性的作用,这些作用可被OPG阻断,而激活的T淋巴细胞表达的RANKL可直接促进破骨细胞生成,这些都提示OPG/RANK/RANKL系统可能是联系骨代谢与免疫系统之间的桥梁[6]。
曾经有文献指出,T细胞的活化会刺激破骨细胞生成以及骨质流失。
此外,RANKL还可以透过与“SRC激酶”(SRC kinase),以及“肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6”(tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6,TRAF6)形成信息复合物,以致活AKT/PKB等细胞凋亡抑制激酶。这些迹象指出RANKL可能具有调节细胞凋亡的功能。[7]
实验发现,将TNFSF基因剔除掉的老鼠,会导致严重的骨质石化症(Osteopetrosis),且会缺乏破骨细胞。此外,此种基因剔除鼠会在T淋巴球和B淋巴球的早期分化中,出现重大缺陷。且母鼠在怀孕期间的lobulo-alveolar mammary structures无法发育。[7]
如果人体制造了过多的RANKL,会造成各式各样的退化性骨骼疾病,例如类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis)和干癣性关节炎(psoriatic arthritis)。
第一项被FDA认可的RANKL抑制剂是denosumab抗体;其也可用来治疗女性更年期后的骨质疏松。
服用含有醋酸甲羟孕酮(medroxyprogesterone acetate,MPA)的药物(一种合成黄体素,可应用于避孕以及替代激素疗法)会增加得到乳癌的风险。MPA会促使乳腺上皮中的RANKL大量分泌,而诱发乳癌。因此RANKL抑制剂可望被用作预防乳癌的药物。[8][9]
- 白血球分化抗原(Cluster of differentiation)
- RANK
- 破骨细胞抑制因子
- 骨免疫学
存档副本. [2023-12-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-04).
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Gonzalez-Suarez E, Jacob AP, Jones J, Miller R, Roudier-Meyer MP, Erwert R, Pinkas J, Branstetter D, Dougall WC. RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis. Nature. November 2010, 468 (7320): 103–7. PMID 20881963. doi:10.1038/nature09495.
- Whyte M. The long and the short of bone therapy. N Engl J Med. 2006, 354 (8): 860–3. PMID 16495400. doi:10.1056/NEJMe068003. link(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Buckley KA, Fraser WD. Receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin: regulators of bone physiology and immune responses/potential therapeutic agents and biochemical markers.. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2003, 39 (Pt 6): 551–6. PMID 12564836. doi:10.1258/000456302760413324.
- Jeffcoate W. Vascular calcification and osteolysis in diabetic neuropathy-is RANK-L the missing link?. Diabetologia. 2005, 47 (9): 1488–92. PMID 15322748. doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1477-5.
- Collin-Osdoby P. Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin.. Circ. Res. 2005, 95 (11): 1046–57. PMID 15564564. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000149165.99974.12.
- Whyte MP, Mumm S. Heritable disorders of the RANKL/OPG/RANK signaling pathway.. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2005, 4 (3): 254–67. PMID 15615493.
- Clohisy DR, Mantyh PW. Bone cancer pain and the role of RANKL/OPG.. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2005, 4 (3): 293–300. PMID 15615497.
- Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM. Anti-RANKL therapy for inflammatory bone disorders: Mechanisms and potential clinical applications.. J. Cell. Biochem. 2006, 97 (2): 226–32. PMID 16240334. doi:10.1002/jcb.20674.
- Baud'huin M, Duplomb L, Ruiz Velasco C, Fortun Y, Heymann D, Padrines M. Key roles of the OPG-RANK-RANKL system in bone oncology.. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007, 7 (2): 221–32. PMID 17288531. doi:10.1586/14737140.7.2.221.
- Yogo K, Ishida-Kitagawa N, Takeya T. Negative autoregulation of RANKL and c-Src signaling in osteoclasts.. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2007, 25 (4): 205–10. PMID 17593489. doi:10.1007/s00774-007-0751-2.
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- McClung M. Role of RANKL inhibition in osteoporosis.. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2007,. 9 Suppl 1: S3. PMC 1924518 . PMID 17634142. doi:10.1186/ar2167.
RANKL引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的资料,这些资料属于公共领域。