熔化其中fc為渗透阈值,R為氣體常數。雖然Hd和Sd不是真正的平衡熱力學參數,會和冷卻的速度有關,不過可以找到無晶形固體相關的實驗資料。 預熔(英语:Premelting)(premelting)也稱為表面熔化,是指在溫度低於熔點 T s {\displaystyle T_{s}}
凍脹2010-03-24. Rempel, A.W.; Wettlaufer, J.S.; Worster, M.G. (2001). "Interfacial Premelting and the Thermomolecular Force: Thermodynamic Buoyancy". Physical Review
冰透鏡2010-03-24. Rempel, A.W.; Wettlaufer, J.S.; Worster, M.G. (2001). "Interfacial Premelting and the Thermomolecular Force: Thermodynamic Buoyancy". Physical Review
冰解離2010-03-24. Rempel, A.W.; Wettlaufer, J.S.; Worster, M.G. (2001). "Interfacial Premelting and the Thermomolecular Force: Thermodynamic Buoyancy". Physical Review
X射线晶体学Química Nova. 2019. doi:10.21577/0100-4042.20170344. Slater, Ben. Surface premelting of water ice. Nature Reviews Chemistry. 2019-03, 3 (3): 172–188 [2019-06-05]