September 2018]. (原始内容存档于July 28, 2012). from archive.org Patrick JAMES, HubertCHANSON. Historical Development of Arch Dams. From Cut-Stone Arches to Modern
(PDF). ReliefWeb. [2012-02-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-28). Chanson, HubertChansonHubert. Embankment Overflow Protection Systems and Earth Dam Spillways
,流體為臨界流。 因此若流速越大,深度越淺,越容易形成超臨界流。 超音速 超高音速 The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction. Physical Modelling of Hydraulics Chanson, Hubert (1999)