Conventional tillage

residue）作为覆盖物，或者少于550公斤/公顷（500磅/英亩）的小谷物残留物。这种耕作类型通常被称为常规耕作（英语：Conventional tillage），但由于保护耕作现在比集约耕作应用得更广泛（美国），所以把这种耕称作常规，实际上往往并不恰当。集约耕作往往涉及多种操作，使用的器

et al. 2003. Fuel consumption-derived CO2 emissions under conventional and reduced tillage cropping systems in northern Japan. Agriculture, Ecosystems

Earthworm populations and species distributions under no-till and conventional tillage in Indiana and Illinois. Soil Biol Biochem. 1997, 29 (3–4): 613–615

Aggregate-Protected and Unprotected Organic Matter Pools in Conventional- and No-Tillage Soils (PDF). Soil Science Society of America Journal (Free PDF

Govers, G.; et al. (1999). “Tillage erosion and translocation: emergence of a new paradigm in soil erosion research”. Soil & Tillage Research 51:167–174. Lindstrom