ibn Malik al-Khawlani)将总督所在地从塞维利亚迁至科尔多瓦,巴塞罗那与纳博讷被征服 721年:由萨姆领导的倭马亚军队在图卢兹战役(英语:BattleofToulouse (721))中被阿基坦公爵奥多大帝(英语:Odo the Great)击败 722年:佩拉约在阿斯图里亚斯山间发生的科瓦东加战役中击败倭马亚势力
the reigns of King Fernando I of Castile and Leon and his successors until 1230. Natalie Fryde; Dirk Reitz (编). Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: