主義並代之以社會主義(就馬克思主義而言);或者推翻世俗體制,代之以嚴格沙里亞法規下的真正伊斯蘭(就庫特布主義而言)。 阿拉伯詩歌(英语:Arabicpoetry) 噩夢的威力(英语:The Power of Nightmares) 富裕病 哈尼夫 伊斯兰教词汇列表 前伊斯兰时期大国文明影响下的中亚城市研究
Genius of Poetry. OneWorld Press. 2005. ISBN 1-85168-360-7. Lacy, Norris J. The Care and Feeding of Gazelles – Medieval Arabic and Hebrew love poetry. Moshe
(幫助). "Bashshar, (d. 167/783) a Persian, heralded the advent of 'Abbasid poetry, just as it was another Persian, Ibn al-Muqaffa', who opened the history