2010,第759頁. Presidential elections, 1789–1996,第89頁. 1840 Presidential General Election Results - Connecticut. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
(原始内容存档于2010-05-28). 1980 Presidential General Election Results—Massachusetts. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. [2015-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-12)
Michael J. The Role of the Military in Presidential Politics (PDF). Parameters (Carlisle, Pennsylvania: UnitedStates Army War College). Winter 2009, 39 (4):
The PresidentialElection of 1880. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Press. 1958. ISBN 978-1-258-19190-0. Dubin, Michael J. UnitedStates Congressional