鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约1000种植物[1]，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。 [2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。[3]
鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。
该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制[4]。
属名Salvia源于拉丁语salveo，意为“救助”，指本属植物多供入药。
本属包括以下物种：[5]
- 翅柄叶鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata （翅柄鼠尾草）
- 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
- 银白鼠尾草 Salvia argentea L. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
- Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
- Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
- Salvia ayecarrenoi Mart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago[6]
- Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
- 南丹参 Salvia bowleyana Dunn
- 二回羽裂南丹参 Salvia bowleyana var. subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
- Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
- 刺苞鼠尾草 Salvia carduacea Benth.，异名：Salvia gossypina Benth.
- Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
- 红花鼠尾草 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778，朱唇
- 飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
- 圆苞鼠尾草 Salvia cyclostegia
- Salvia discolor
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
- 长花鼠尾草 Salvia dolichantha E.Peter
- Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
- 凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
- 蓝花鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea Benth.，蓝花鼠尾草
- 台湾紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨叶紫花鼠尾草）
- Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
- Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
- 胶质鼠尾草 Salvia glutinosa
- Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
- Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
- 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
- 芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
- Salvia huastecana Bedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez [7]
- 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
- 隐药鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
- Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
- Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
- Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
- Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
- Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
- Salvia microphylla
- 丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
- Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
- 琴柱草 Salvia nipponica Miq.
- 黄花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
- 药用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
- 节毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
- 龙胆鼠尾草 Salvia patens ，长蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
- Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
- 洪桥鼠尾草 Salvia potanini Kryl.
- Salvia potus - Chia.
- Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
- 康定鼠尾草 Salvia prattii Hemsl.
- Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
- 卵叶鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
- Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
- 山东丹参 Salvia shandongensis [8]
- Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
- 一串红 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
- 佛光草 Salvia substolonifera Stib.
- Salvia superba
- 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
- Salvia transylvanica
- Salvia uliginosa Benth., 1833
- Salvia verbenaca L., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
- Salvia verticillata L., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
- Salvia viridis L., 1753，异名：S. horminum - Annual clary..
- 西藏鼠尾草 Salvia wardii Stib.
应用
鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。[9]其中丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中药，而美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。[10][11][12][13]
参考文献
外部链接
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