松弛发音(英语:relaxed pronunciation,又称Linguistic reductions)指自然语言单词中语音丢失的现象,“going to”的发音变为“gonna”就是其中一例。简称是最常见的松弛发音现象。最常见的简称是“not”的松弛发音,例如“cannot”被发音为“can't”。许多简称出现在主语动词之间,如“He is...”被发音为“He's...”。

部分松弛发音现象,尤其是动词和“to”的松弛发音现象广受语言学习者知晓,例如“going to”被发音为“gonna”,“want to”被发音为“wanna”。

与被认为偏离词汇的原有正确发音的懒音不同,松弛发音是自然语言的一部分,不应被视为俚语或不当发音。人工语言中不会出现松弛发音现象。

英语

英语发音中存在弱化(英语:reduction)现象,亦即英语发音中的音声脱落现象[1][2]。这种现象一般在美式英语中更易发生。

英语的弱化现象主要分以下几类:[1][2]

  • 词末t脱落 - can'(t), cu(t), ho(t)
  • 词末d脱落 - goo(d)
  • 词末g脱落 - gettin(g), walkin(g)
  • 词首h脱落(仅文中) - (h)im, (h)er
  • 词首th脱落(仅文中) - (th)em
  • 词首a脱落(仅文中) - (a)bou(t), (a)n(d)
  • 词中后跟n或r的/ə/脱落 - int(e)restin(g), import(a)n(t), diff(e)ren(t)

英语中弱化与连音的结合以及闪音化英语Flapping等音变造成了英语中的各种简称英语Wikipedia:List_of_English_contractions和松弛发音现象[3]。反应松弛发音的破碎非标准拼写和符号被称为“视觉方言英语eye dialect”。

英语松弛发音列表

of→a
  • lot of→lotta
  • kind of→kinda
  • out of→outta
  • sort of→sorta
have→a
  • would have→woulda
  • could have→coulda
  • should have→shoulda
  • might have→mighta
  • must have→musta
to→ta/na
  • got to→gotta
  • have to→hafta
  • ought to→oughta
  • want to→wanna
  • going to→gonna
  • trying to→trynna
you→ya(受到前一辅音的影响:/t/ + /jə/ = [tʃə]/d/ + /jə/ = [dʒə]/s/ + /jə/ = [ʃə]/z/ + /jə/ = [ʒə])
  • do you→d'ya
  • don't you→doncha
  • got you→gotcha
  • get you/get your→getcha
  • did you→didja
  • would you→wouldja
me相关松弛发音
  • let me→lemme
  • give me→gimme
  • tell me→temme
其他
  • what's up→wassup/sup
  • what is that→wussat
  • what do you / what are you→whatcha/whaddaya
  • you all→y'all
  • yes→ya/yup/yep
  • don't know→dunno

瑞典语

部分人可能将är det bra [ærdetbrɑ](“它是好的”)发音为ärebra [ærɛbrɑ]

注释

参阅

外部链接

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