松弛发音(英语:relaxed pronunciation,又称Linguistic reductions)指自然语言单词中语音丢失的现象,“going to”的发音变为“gonna”就是其中一例。简称是最常见的松弛发音现象。最常见的简称是“not”的松弛发音,例如“cannot”被发音为“can't”。许多简称出现在主语和动词之间,如“He is...”被发音为“He's...”。
此条目论述以英文区为主,未必有普世通用的观点。 |
部分松弛发音现象,尤其是动词和“to”的松弛发音现象广受语言学习者知晓,例如“going to”被发音为“gonna”,“want to”被发音为“wanna”。
与被认为偏离词汇的原有正确发音的懒音不同,松弛发音是自然语言的一部分,不应被视为俚语或不当发音。人工语言中不会出现松弛发音现象。
英语
英语发音中存在弱化(英语:reduction)现象,亦即英语发音中的音声脱落现象[1][2]。这种现象一般在美式英语中更易发生。
- 词末t脱落 - can'(t), cu(t), ho(t)
- 词末d脱落 - goo(d)
- 词末g脱落 - gettin(g), walkin(g)
- 词首h脱落(仅文中) - (h)im, (h)er
- 词首th脱落(仅文中) - (th)em
- 词首a脱落(仅文中) - (a)bou(t), (a)n(d)
- 词中后跟n或r的/ə/脱落 - int(e)restin(g), import(a)n(t), diff(e)ren(t)
英语中弱化与连音的结合以及闪音化等音变造成了英语中的各种简称和松弛发音现象[3]。反应松弛发音的破碎非标准拼写和符号被称为“视觉方言”。
- of→a
- lot of→lotta
- kind of→kinda
- out of→outta
- sort of→sorta
- have→a
- would have→woulda
- could have→coulda
- should have→shoulda
- might have→mighta
- must have→musta
- to→ta/na
- got to→gotta
- have to→hafta
- ought to→oughta
- want to→wanna
- going to→gonna
- trying to→trynna
- you→ya(受到前一辅音的影响:/t/ + /jə/ = [tʃə]、/d/ + /jə/ = [dʒə]、/s/ + /jə/ = [ʃə]、/z/ + /jə/ = [ʒə])
- do you→d'ya
- don't you→doncha
- got you→gotcha
- get you/get your→getcha
- did you→didja
- would you→wouldja
- me相关松弛发音
- let me→lemme
- give me→gimme
- tell me→temme
- 其他
- what's up→wassup/sup
- what is that→wussat
- what do you / what are you→whatcha/whaddaya
- you all→y'all
- yes→ya/yup/yep
- don't know→dunno
瑞典语
部分人可能将är det bra [ærdetbrɑ](“它是好的”)发音为ärebra [ærɛbrɑ]。
注释
参阅
外部链接
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