钠(原子量:22.98976928(2))共有22个已知同位素,质量数介于18-37之间,其中只有1个是稳定的,其他都具有放射性,因此钠属于单一同位素元素。天然存在的钠同位素有3个,分别是稳定的23Na和具放射性的22Na及24Na,其中23Na占天然钠的绝大部分,而22Na和24Na在自然界中仅痕量存在,为宇宙射线散裂所产生。其他放射性同位素都不出现在自然界中,只有在实验室制造出来过,且半衰期都极短,非常不稳定。
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰变 ...
主要的钠同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) | - 7001229897692800000♠22.98976928(2)[1]
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More information 符号, Z ...
符号
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Z
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N
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同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2]
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半衰期 [n 1][n 2]
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衰变 方式[2]
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衰变 产物 [n 3]
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原子核 自旋[n 1]
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相对丰度 (莫耳分率)
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18 Na
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11
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7
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7001180259700000000♠18.02597(5)
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6979129999999999999♠1.3(4)×10−21 s
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p (>99.9%)
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17Ne
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(1−)#
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β+ (<.1%)
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18Ne
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19 Na
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11
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8
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7001190138770000000♠19.013877(13)
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<40 ns
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p
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18Ne
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(5/2+)#
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20 Na
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11
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9
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7001200073510000000♠20.007351(7)
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447.9(23) ms
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β+ (75%)
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20Ne
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2+
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β+, α (25%)
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16O
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21 Na
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11
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10
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7001209976552000000♠20.9976552(8)
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22.49(4) s
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β+
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21Ne
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3/2+
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22 Na
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11
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11
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7001219944364000000♠21.9944364(4)
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2.6027(10) y
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β+
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22Ne
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3+
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痕量[n 4]
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22m Na
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583.03(9) keV
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244(6) ns
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1+
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23 Na
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11
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12
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7001229897692809000♠22.9897692809(29)
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稳定
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3/2+
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7000100000000000000♠1.0000
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24 Na
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11
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13
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7001239909627800000♠23.99096278(8)
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7004538524000000000♠14.9590(12) h
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β−
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24Mg
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4+
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痕量[n 4]
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24m Na
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472.207(9) keV
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20.20(7) ms
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IT (99.95%)
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24Na
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1+
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β− (.05%)
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24Mg
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25 Na
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11
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14
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7001249899540000000♠24.9899540(13)
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59.1(6) s
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β−
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25Mg
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5/2+
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26 Na
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11
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15
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7001259926330000000♠25.992633(6)
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1.077(5) s
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β−
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26Mg
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3+
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27 Na
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11
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16
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7001269940770000000♠26.994077(4)
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301(6) ms
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β− (99.87%)
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27Mg
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5/2+
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β−, n (.13%)
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26Mg
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28 Na
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11
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17
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7001279989380000000♠27.998938(14)
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30.5(4) ms
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β− (99.421%)
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28Mg
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1+
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β−, n (.579%)
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27Mg
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29 Na
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11
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18
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7001290028610000000♠29.002861(14)
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44.9(12) ms
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β− (74.09%)
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29Mg
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3/2(+#)
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β−, n (25.91%)
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28Mg
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30 Na
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11
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19
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7001300089760000000♠30.008976(27)
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48.4(17) ms
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β− (68.83%)
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30Mg
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2+
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β−, n (30.0%)
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29Mg
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β−, 2n (1.17%)
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28Mg
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β−, α
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26Ne
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31 Na
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11
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20
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7001310135900000000♠31.01359(23)
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17.0(4) ms
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β− (62.05%)
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31Mg
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(3/2+)
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β−, n
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30Mg
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β−, 2n
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29Mg
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β−, 3n
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28Mg
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32 Na
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11
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21
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7001320204700000000♠32.02047(38)
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12.9(7) ms
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β−
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32Mg
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(3−,4−)
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β−, n
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31Mg
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β−, 2n
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30Mg
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33 Na
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11
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22
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7001330267200000000♠33.02672(94)
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8.2(2) ms
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β−, n (52.0%)
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32Mg
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3/2+#
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β− (36.0%)
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33Mg
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β−, 2n (12.0%)
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31Mg
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34 Na
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11
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23
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7001340351700000000♠34.03517(96)#
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5.5(10) ms
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β−, 2n (50.0%)
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32Mg
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1+
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β− (35.0%)
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34Mg
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β−, n (15.0%)
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33Mg
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35 Na
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11
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24
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7001350424900000000♠35.04249(102)#
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1.5(5) ms
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β− (>99.9%)
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35Mg
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3/2+#
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β−, n (<.1%)
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34Mg
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37 Na
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11
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26
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37.05934(103)#
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1# ms [>1.5 µs]
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3/2+#
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Close
画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.