多尔顿·特伦博

多尔顿·特伦博
Dalton Trumbo
多尔顿·特伦博; Dalton Trumbo
	特伦博于1947年众议院非美活动调查委员会
出生	James Dalton Trumbo; 1905年12月9日; 美国科罗拉多州蒙特罗斯
逝世	1976年9月10日（70岁）; 美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶
笔名	罗伯特·瑞奇
职业	编剧、作家、导演
配偶	克莱奥·贝丝·芬奇
子女	克里斯托弗·特伦博（英语：Christopher Trumbo）; 梅丽莎·特伦博; 尼古拉·特伦博

多尔顿·特伦博（英语：Dalton Trumbo，1905年12月9日—1976年9月10日），本名詹姆斯·多尔顿·特伦博（英语：James Dalton Trumbo）是一位美国编剧、导演和小说家，曾为《罗马假日》、《出埃及记（英语：Exodus (1960 film)）》、《斯巴达克斯》及《东京上空三十秒》等著名电影担任编剧。

Quick Facts 多尔顿·特伦博Dalton Trumbo, 出生 ...

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他在遭列名为“好莱坞十君子”的受迫害时期，曾陆续使用班·L·派瑞（Ben L. Perry）、罗伯特·瑞奇（Robert Rich）等笔名继续活动，另外也曾向另一位英国籍编剧伊恩·麦克拉伦·杭特（Ian McLellan Hunter）借用名义（于电影《罗马假日》中使用）。

经历

特伦博在1939年发表，以伤兵为题材的反战小说《强尼上战场》（原题：Johnny Got His Gun，后于1971年推出由他本人自编自导的电影版本）曾在二战与朝鲜战争时期成为禁书，并使他开始遭到联邦调查局监视。

1947年，他被列为好莱坞十君子的一员，并拒绝提供证词给众议院非美活动调查委员会（HUAC）调查共产主义对电影行业的影响。处于好莱坞黑名单期间，作为隐瞒身份的编剧，特伦博先后因《罗马假日》和《铁牛传（英语：The Brave One (1956 film)）》获得2座奥斯卡金像奖，其中为电影《铁牛传（英语：The Brave One (1956 film)）》所写的剧本是以笔名罗伯特·瑞奇（Robert Rich）名义获得，^[1]^[2]但身处黑名单时期的特伦博当年并未出席领奖。此时好莱坞开始盛传“罗伯特·瑞奇就是多尔顿·特伦博”，他也未特别否认。但特伦博直到1959年接受电视专访时，才正式公开承认此事。

1960年，黑名单被当时“好莱坞十君子”特伦博正式打破，他公开承认自己是电影《出埃及记（英语：Exodus (1960 film)）》的编剧^[3]，《斯巴达克斯》的男主角柯克·道格拉斯也表明，特伦博实际上为该片的编剧。^[4]

2011年12月19日，60年后美国作家协会宣布肯定了特伦博在1953年担任电影《罗马假日》的编剧工作。^[5]^[6]在该片推出DVD版本时，也以数字技术将他的名字植入片头工作人员字幕画面中，正式将他还原列名编剧。

个人生活

1939年特伦博和克莱奥·芬奇结婚。他们有三个孩子：导演和编剧克里斯托弗·特伦博^[7]，摄影师梅丽莎·特伦博和心理治疗师尼古拉·特伦博。^[8]

去世

1976年9月10日特伦博在洛杉矶因心肌梗死而去世，享年71岁。他捐赠了遗体以供科学研究。^[9]

参考资料

[1]
AMPAS Press Release. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-08）.
[2]
AMPAS Oscar Trivia 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-12-16.
[3]
Nordheimer, Jon. Dalton Trumbo, Film Writer, Dies; Oscar Winner Had Been Blacklisted. The New York Times. 1976-09-11: 17 [2008-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-30）. ... it was Otto Preminger, the director, who broke the blacklist months later by publicly announcing that he had hired Mr. Trumbo to do the screenplay ...
[4]
Harvey, Steve. Dalton Trumbo Dies at 70, One of the 'Hollywood 10'. Los Angeles Times. 1976-09-10: 1. He recalled how his name returned to the screen in 1960 with the help of Spartacus star Kirk Douglas: 'I had been working on Spartacus for about a year ...
[5]
Cheryl Devall, Paige Osburn. Blacklisted writer gets credit restored after 60 years for Oscar-winning film. 89.3 KPCC. 2011-12-19 [2011-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-12）.
[6]
Verrier, Richard. Writers Guild restores screenplay credit to Trumbo for 'Roman Holiday'. Los Angeles Times. 2011-12-19 [2011-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-12）.
[7]
McLellan, Dennis. Christopher Trumbo dies at 70; screen and TV writer whose father was blacklisted. Los Angeles Times. 2011-01-12 [2011-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-11）.
[8]
Michael Cieply. A Voice From the Blacklist: Documentary Lets Dalton Trumbo Speak. The New York Times (New York). 2007-09-11 [2008-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.
[9]
Nordheimer, Jon. Dalton Trumbo, Film Writer, Dies; Oscar Winner Had Been Blacklisted. New York Times. 1976-09-11 [2008-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-31）. Dalton Trumbo, the Hollywood screen writer who was perhaps the most famous member of the blacklisted film industry authors called "the Hollywood Ten," died of a heart attack early today at his home here. He was 70 years old. He donated his body to science.

延伸阅读

Hanson, Peter, Dalton Trumbo, Hollywood Rebel: A Critical Survey and Filmography, McFarland (October 1, 2007) ISBN 0-7864-3246-2
"Hollywood On Trial, a timely reminder", http://www.wsws.org/articles/2009/dec2009/holl-d10.shtml （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Charles Bogle)

外部链接

[1] [1]
AMPAS Press Release. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-08）.

[2] [2]
AMPAS Oscar Trivia 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-12-16.

[3] [3]
Nordheimer, Jon. Dalton Trumbo, Film Writer, Dies; Oscar Winner Had Been Blacklisted. The New York Times. 1976-09-11: 17 [2008-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-30）. ... it was Otto Preminger, the director, who broke the blacklist months later by publicly announcing that he had hired Mr. Trumbo to do the screenplay ...

[4] [4]
Harvey, Steve. Dalton Trumbo Dies at 70, One of the 'Hollywood 10'. Los Angeles Times. 1976-09-10: 1. He recalled how his name returned to the screen in 1960 with the help of Spartacus star Kirk Douglas: 'I had been working on Spartacus for about a year ...

[kpcc-5] [5]
Cheryl Devall, Paige Osburn. Blacklisted writer gets credit restored after 60 years for Oscar-winning film. 89.3 KPCC. 2011-12-19 [2011-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-12）.

[latimes-verrier-6] [6]
Verrier, Richard. Writers Guild restores screenplay credit to Trumbo for 'Roman Holiday'. Los Angeles Times. 2011-12-19 [2011-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-12）.

[latimes-7] [7]
McLellan, Dennis. Christopher Trumbo dies at 70; screen and TV writer whose father was blacklisted. Los Angeles Times. 2011-01-12 [2011-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-11）.

[8] [8]
Michael Cieply. A Voice From the Blacklist: Documentary Lets Dalton Trumbo Speak. The New York Times (New York). 2007-09-11 [2008-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.

[9] [9]
Nordheimer, Jon. Dalton Trumbo, Film Writer, Dies; Oscar Winner Had Been Blacklisted. New York Times. 1976-09-11 [2008-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-31）. Dalton Trumbo, the Hollywood screen writer who was perhaps the most famous member of the blacklisted film industry authors called "the Hollywood Ten," died of a heart attack early today at his home here. He was 70 years old. He donated his body to science.

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经历

个人生活

去世

相关电影

参考资料

延伸阅读

外部链接

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多尔顿·特伦博