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道德心理学

来自维基百科，自由的百科全书

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道德心理学（英语：Moral psychology）是哲学和心理学的一个交叉研究领域。历史上，狭义的“道德心理学”指的是对道德发展（英语：Moral development）的研究。^[1]^[2]如今的道德心理学更加广泛地包括伦理学、心理学和心灵哲学等学科。^[3]^[4]^[5]道德心理学的一些主要主题是道德判断、道德推理（英语：Moral reasoning）、道德感知、道德责任、道德动机、道德认同、道德行动、道德发展、道德多样性、道德品质（英语：Moral character）（尤其是美德伦理等）、利他主义、心理利己主义、道德运气、道德预测、道德情感、情感预测（英语：Affective forecasting）和道德分歧等。^[6]^[7]

研究方法

Thumb — 电车难题，心理学研究中常用的道德困境

哲学家、心理学家和其他领域的学者创造了各种研究道德心理学的方法；其中的实证研究至少可以追溯到1890年代。^[8]这些研究中使用的方法包括：提出道德困境、例如电车难题^[9]^[10]；开展结构化的访谈和调查；进行经济游戏；^[11]使用神经影像学，^[12]以及探究自然语言的使用。^[13]

参考资料

[1]
Haidt, Jonathan; Kesebir, Selin. Fiske, S; Gilbert, D; Lindzey, G , 编. Morality (PDF) 5. Hoboken NJ: Wiley. 2010: 797–832 [2023-07-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-03-29）.
[2]
Lapsley, Daniel K. Moral Psychology. Developmental psychology series. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8133-3032-7.
[3]
Doris, John; Stich, Stephen, Zalta, Edward N. , 编, Moral Psychology: Empirical Approaches, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University), 2008 [2023-07-14], （原始内容存档于2019-11-07）
[4]
Wallace, R. Jay. https://books.google.com/books?id=H4sIErz7KUcC&pg=PA86 |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助). Jackson, Frank (编). Moral Psychology. OUP Oxford. November 29, 2007: 86–113. ISBN 978-0-19-923476-9. Moral psychology is the study of morality in its psychological dimensions
[5]
Ellemers, Naomi; van der Toorn, Jojanneke; Paunov, Yavor; van Leeuwen, Thed. The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 18 January 2019, 23 (4): 332–366. ISSN 1088-8683. PMC 6791030 . PMID 30658545. doi:10.1177/1088868318811759 （英语）.
[6]
Doris & Stich 2008，§1.
[7]
Teper, R.; Inzlicht, M.; Page-Gould, E. Are we more moral than we think?: Exploring the role of affect in moral behavior and moral forecasting. Psychological Science. 2011, 22 (4): 553–558. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1033.5192 . PMID 21415242. S2CID 206585532. doi:10.1177/0956797611402513.
[8]
Wendorf, Craig A. History of American morality research, 1894–1932. History of Psychology. 2001, 4 (3): 272–288 [2023-07-14]. doi:10.1037/1093-4510.4.3.272. （原始内容存档于2019-12-10）.
[9]
Sharp, Frank Chapman. An Objective Study of Some Moral Judgments. The American Journal of Psychology. January 1898, 9 (2): 198–234. JSTOR 1411759. doi:10.2307/1411759.
[10]
Greene, J. D.; Sommerville, R Brian; Nystrom, Leigh E; Darley, John M.; Cohen, Jonathan D. An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in Moral Judgment. Science. 14 September 2001, 293 (5537): 2105–2108. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2105G. PMID 11557895. S2CID 1437941. doi:10.1126/science.1062872.
[11]
Story, Giles W.; Vlaev, Ivo; Metcalfe, Robert D.; Crockett, Molly J.; Kurth-Nelson, Zeb; Darzi, Ara; Dolan, Raymond J. Social redistribution of pain and money. Scientific Reports. 30 October 2015, 5 (1): 15389. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515389S. PMC 4626774 . PMID 26515529. doi:10.1038/srep15389.
[12]
Moll, Jorge; de Oliveira-Souza, Ricardo; Eslinger, Paul J.; Bramati, Ivanei E.; Mourão-Miranda, Janaı́na; Andreiuolo, Pedro Angelo; Pessoa, Luiz. The Neural Correlates of Moral Sensitivity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Basic and Moral Emotions. The Journal of Neuroscience. 1 April 2002, 22 (7): 2730–2736. PMC 6758288 . PMID 11923438. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02730.2002.
[13]
Sagi, Eyal; Dehghani, Morteza. Measuring Moral Rhetoric in Text. Social Science Computer Review. 31 October 2013, 32 (2): 132–144. S2CID 62259852. doi:10.1177/0894439313506837.

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