卡尔卡河之战(俄语:Битва на реке Калке,乌克兰语:Битва на річці Калка,蒙古语:Калка голын тулалдаан)是指公元1223年钦察人及基辅罗斯对抗蒙古的战争。
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自铁木真成为大汗后,蒙古开始东征西讨,因此居于第聂伯河的钦察人向基辅罗斯的加利奇公国求助(因钦察人曾包庇蔑儿乞人)。由于两国存在姻亲关系,加利奇决定联合其他罗斯的公国对抗蒙古,合组成8万大军。负责统率蒙古军的哲别及速不台,驻守在第聂伯河的下游支流卡利奇克河(或译卡尔卡河)按兵不动。
加利奇的王公姆斯季斯拉夫按捺不住,率兵渡河发动进攻。蒙古军则向后佯撤,引诱加利奇军脱离大军;直到卡利奇克河平原之时,姆斯季斯拉夫才发觉己军被整齐的蒙古军分割得七零八落又求助无援。其实当时罗斯其他的大公已经赶到战场,但因利害关系着想而不愿投入战场。姆斯季斯拉夫最终逃离战场回到卡利奇克河的对岸,临走前还烧毁了所有的船只,结果不但使蒙古军无法继续追赶,连其他罗斯军队亦无路可逃,通通成为了蒙古的战俘。
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Gabriel, Subotai The Valiant: Genghis Khan's Greatest General, p. 100.
* de Hartog, Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World, p. 118.
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Gabriel, Subotai The Valiant: Genghis Khan's Greatest General, p. 98.
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