蓟属

此条目页的主题是植物中的蓟花。关于蓟的其它含义，请见“蓟”。

蓟属（学名：Cirsium），属于菊科，是多年生植物，至少150种，分布于北温带。其中较多见的为大蓟，是苏格兰国花。学名Cirsium来源于希腊语“kirsos”。

蓟属
翼蓟 Cirsium vulgare
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊类植物 Asterids
目：	菊目 Asterales
科：	菊科 Asteraceae
亚科：	管状花亚科 Carduoideae
族：	菜蓟族 Cynareae
亚族：	飞廉亚族 Carduinae
属：	蓟属 Cirsium Mill., 1754
种
约200种[1]，参见本文。

蓟属被某些鳞翅目物种的幼虫用作食用植物-参见以蓟属为食的鳞翅目的列表（英语：List of Lepidoptera that feed on Cirsium）。 种子对美国金翅雀等小雀科很有吸引力。

大多数物种通常根据农业利益被视为杂草。 翼蓟（又名欧洲蓟）在美国的9个州被列为有害野草^[2] 。 为了美观和/或支持授粉者（英语：pollinators），例如蝴蝶，特别是在花园和野花种植中种植了某些物种。

医学用途

• 止血
• 消肿

Cirsium arizonicum

Cirsium canum

蓟花上的熊蜂

翼蓟 Cirsium vulgare

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[3]

• Cirsium acarna - Soldier Thistle
• Cirsium acaule - Stemless Thistle, Dwarf Thistle
• Cirsium altissimum - Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle
• Cirsium amblylepis - Mt. Tamalpais Thistle
• Cirsium andersonii - Anderson's Thistle, Rose Thistle
• Cirsium andrewsii - Franciscan Thistle
• Cirsium araneans - Jeweled Thistle
• Cirsium arcuum - Powderpuff Thistle
• Cirsium aridum - Desert Thistle
• Cirsium arizonicum - Arizona Thistle
• Cirsium arvense - Creeping Thistle, Field Thistle, Canada Thistle
  • Cirsium arvense var. argenteum
  • Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium
  • Cirsium arvense var. mite
  • Cirsium arvense var. vestitum
• Cirsium barnebyi - Barneby's Thistle
• Cirsium brachycephalum
• Cirsium brevifolium - Palouse Thistle
• Cirsium brevistylum - Clustered Thistle
• Cirsium calcareum - Cainville Thistle
• Cirsium californicum - California Thistle
• Cirsium callilepis - Fringebract Thistle
• Cirsium campylon - Mount Hamilton Thistle
• Cirsium canescens - Platte Thistle, Prairie Thistle
• Cirsium canovirens - Graygreen Thistle
• Cirsium canum - Queen Anne's Thistle
• Cirsium carolinianum - Carolina Thistle, Soft Thistle
• Cirsium caulescens
• Cirsium centaureae
• Cirsium chellyense - Queen Thistle
• Cirsium chuskaense - Monarch Thistle
• Cirsium ciliolatum - Ashland Thistle
• Cirsium clavatum - Lake Thistle
• Cirsium clokeyi - Charleston Mountain Thistle, Whitespine Thistle
• Cirsium congdonii - Rosette Thistle
• Cirsium costaricense
• Cirsium coulteri - Coulter’s Thistle
• Cirsium crassicaule - Slough Thistle
• Cirsium cymosum - Peregrine Thistle
• Cirsium diacanthum
• Cirsium discolor - Field Thistle, Pasture Thistle
• Cirsium dissectum - Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium douglasii
• Cirsium drummondii - Dwarf Thistle
• Cirsium durangense
• Cirsium eatonii - Eaton's Thistle
• Cirsium edule - Edible Thistle
• Cirsium engelmannii - Engelmann Thistle, Engelmann's Thistle
• Cirsium eriophorum - Woolly Thistle
• Cirsium erisithales - Yellow Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium esculentum
• Cirsium flodmanii - Flodman Thistle, Flodman's Thistle
• Cirsium foliosum - Drummond's Thistle, Elk Thistle, Leafy Thistle, Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium fontinale - Fountain Thistle
• Cirsium gilense - Gila Thistle
• Cirsium grahamii - Graham's Thistle
• Cirsium griseum - Gray Thistle
• Cirsium hallii - Hall's Thistle
• Cirsium helenioides - Melancholy Thistle, Common Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium heterophyllum - Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium hillii - Hill's Thistle
• Cirsium hookerianum - White Thistle
• Cirsium horridulum - Yellow Thistle
• Cirsium humboldtense - Humboldt County Thistle
• Cirsium hydrophilum - Suisun Thistle
• Cirsium hypoleucum
• Cirsium inornatum - Cloudcroft Thistle
• 南国小蓟 Cirsium japonicum
• Cirsium kamtschaticum - Kamchatka Thistle
• 玉山蓟 Cirsium kawakamii - Yushan Thistle
• Cirsium lanatum - Hairy Thistle
• Cirsium laterifolium - Porcupine Thistle
• Cirsium lecontei - Le Conte's Thistle
• Cirsium leo
• Cirsium libanoticum
• Cirsium loncholepis - LaGraciosa Thistle
• Cirsium longistylum - Longstyle Thistle
• Cirsium maritimum
• Cirsium mendocinum - Mendocino Thistle
• Cirsium mexicanum - Mexican Thistle
• Cirsium modestum - Lacy Thistle
• Cirsium mohavense - Mojave Thistle
• Cirsium murdockii - Murdock's Thistle
• Cirsium muticum - Swamp Thistle
• Cirsium navajoense - Navajo Thistle
• Cirsium neomexicanum - Lavender Thistle, New Mexico Thistle
• Cirsium nipponicum
• Cirsium nuttallii - Nuttall's Thistle
• Cirsium occidentale -Cobweb Thistle
• Cirsium ochrocentrum - Yellowspine Thistle
• Cirsium oleraceum - Cabbage thistle
• Cirsium olivescens - Summer Thistle
• Cirsium oreophilum - Crow Thistle
• Cirsium osterhoutii - Osterhout's Thistle
• Cirsium ownbeyi - Ownbey's Thistle
• Cirsium pallidum - Pale Thistle
• 沼生垂头蓟 Cirsium paludigenum Y. F. Lu, Z. H. Chen et X. F. Jin^[4]
• Cirsium palustre - Marsh thistle, European Swamp Thistle
• Cirsium parryi - Parry's Thistle
• Cirsium pastoris - Snowy Thistle
• Cirsium peckii - Steen Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium pendulum
• Cirsium perplexans - Rocky Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium pitcheri - Pitcher's Thistle, Sand Dune Thistle
• Cirsium praeteriens - Palo Alto Thistle, Lost Thistle
• Cirsium proteanum - Red Thistle
• Cirsium pulcherrimum - Wyoming Thistle
• Cirsium pumilum - Pasture Thistle
• Cirsium pyrenaicum
• Cirsium quercetorum - Alameda County Thistle
• Cirsium remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium remotifolium var. remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
• Cirsium repandum - Sandhill Thistle
• Cirsium rhaphilepis
• Cirsium rhothophilum - Surf Thistle
• Cirsium rivulare
• Cirsium rothrockii - Rothrock's Thistle
• Cirsium rusbyi - Rusby's Thistle
• Cirsium rydbergii - Rydberg's Thistle
• Cirsium scabrum - Rough Thistle
• Cirsium scapanolepis - Mountain Slope Thistle
• Cirsium scariosum - Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium scopulorum - Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium segetum
• Cirsium serrulatum
• Cirsium spinosissimum
• Cirsium subniveum - Gray Thistle, Jackson Hole Thistle
• 台湾蓟 Cirsium taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang^[5]
• Cirsium tanakae
• Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang ^[6]
• Cirsium texanum Buckley, 1862 - Texas Thistle
• Cirsium tioganum (Congdon) Petr., 1917 - Stemless Thistle
• Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All., 1785 - Tuberous Thistle. 类似于Cirsium dissectum (Meadow Thistle).
• Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum Ackerf.^[7]
• Cirsium turneri - Cliff Thistle
• Cirsium undulatum - Gray Thistle, Wavy-leaf Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi - Tracy's Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium undulatum var. undulatum - Wavyleaf Thistle
• Cirsium validus - Graceful Thistle
• Cirsium vernale - Spring Thistle
• Cirsium vinaceum - Sacramento Mountain Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Thistle
• Cirsium virginense - Virgin Thistle
• Cirsium virginianum - Virginia Thistle
• 翼蓟 Cirsium vulgare - Bull Thistle, Spear Thistle, Common Thistle, Fuller's Thistle (异名：C. lanceolatum )
• Cirsium wheeleri - Wheeler's Thistle
• Cirsium wrightii - Wright's Thistle
• Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Makino
• 浙江垂头蓟 Cirsium zhejiangense Z. H．Chen et X. Jin^[4]

杂交种：

• Cirsium × canalense - Canal Thistle
• Cirsium × crassum - Thistle
• Cirsium × erosum - Glory Thistle
• Cirsium × iowense - Iowa Thistle
• Cirsium × vancouverense - Vancouver Thistle

参考文献

1. Cirsium. Flora of North America. [2010-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-07） （英语）.
2. PLANTS Profile for Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) USDA PLANTS. USDA Plant Database. USDA. [2008-07-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-02）.
3. Cirsium Mill.. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-30）.
4. 浙江蓟属( 菊科)二新种：浙江垂头蓟和沼生垂头蓟. NSII. [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）.
5. Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng and Yen-Hsueh Tseng. 2021. Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 183: 35-53. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
6. Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng andYen-Hsueh Tseng. 2019. Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 117: 119-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380
7. Jennifer R. Ackerfield. 2023. Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum, A New Species of Thistle endemic to the La Sal Mountains of Utah. Systematic Botany. 48(2); 354-362. DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16847773873170

延伸阅读

[编]

《钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·草木典·蓟部》，出自陈梦雷《古今图书集成》

外部链接

• （简体中文）中国数字植物标本馆中的相关内容：蓟属

• （英文）Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. 2007. ISBN 0-89672-614-2