意大利战线 (第一次世界大战)

意大利战线
	第一次世界大战的一部分
	; 顺时针：意大利士兵聆听将军谈话；奥匈帝国在伊松佐河上的战壕；阿尔卑斯山上的奥匈帝国战壕；皮亚韦河上的意大利战壕
日期	1915年5月23日－1918年11月3日及4日
地点	东阿尔卑斯
结果	意大利获胜，奥匈帝国解体，并签订了特里亚农条约。
参战方
意大利; 联合王国; 法国; 美国	奥匈帝国; 德意志帝国
指挥官与领导者
路易吉·卡多尔纳; 阿尔曼多·迪亚兹; 让·塞萨尔·格拉齐亚尼	弗朗茨·康拉德·冯·赫岑多夫; 斯韦托扎尔·博罗埃维奇; 奥托·冯·贝洛
伤亡与损失
2,150,000人:; 651,000人死亡; 953,886人受伤; 530,000人被俘或失踪; 6,700人:; 1,057人死亡; 4,971人受伤; 670人被俘或失踪; 2,872人:; 480人死亡(700人死于意外); 2,302人受伤; 未知被俘总共: ; 约2,160,000人伤亡或被俘	2,330,000人:; 400,000人死亡; 1,210,000人以上受伤; 477,024人被俘; 176,000人失踪; 未知总共: ; 2,330,000人以上伤亡或被俘
	589,000意大利平民死亡

第一次世界大战意大利战线指的是在第一次世界大战中的1915年到1918年期间，在意大利北部进行的战事。交战双方是奥匈帝国和意大利。意大利本来是三国同盟的成员，但由于意大利与奥匈帝国之间存在着“尚未收复的意大利”问题，最终意大利加入协约国一方，对德国和奥匈帝国宣战。

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战争开始之初，意大利曾通过速攻方式占领了几个奥匈的城市。但随后意大利战线就陷入了同西线战事相同的胶着状态。战争初期奥德联军尽管数量处于劣势但依然掌握战场主动，后期协约国增兵意大利，最终使意大利以胜利告终，意大利如愿获得了奥匈帝国的部分领土，包括南提罗尔、伊斯特拉半岛等。

战事开始时，意军对奥军占有3对1的数量上优势，却未能突破奥军在朱利安阿尔卑斯山的防线。

1915年6月至1917年9月之间，发生了11次伊松佐河战役。

1917年10月24日至11月19日：卡波雷托战役，德奥联军获胜，意军死伤约3万人，另有超过26万人被俘。

1918年6月15日至23日：第二次皮亚韦河战役（英语：Second Battle of the Piave River），意军胜利。

1918年10月24日至11月3日：维托里奥·维内托战役，处于奥匈帝国解体中的奥军大败，30万人被俘。

[1]
Cassar (1998), p.91
[2]
La Grande Guerra: The Allies Post-Caporetto Support of Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-03）.
[3]
Doughboys in Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-22）.
[4]
Mortara 1925，第28–29页
[5]
Clodfelter 2017，第419页.
[6]
Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920, The War Office, p. 744.
[7]
Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918," Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 30% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Italian front (including 155,350 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records remain incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war-losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. 30% of casualties equates to 363,000 dead and 1,086,000 wounded.
[8]
Heinz von Lichem, "Gebirgskrieg," Volume 3. States that 1/3 of Austro-Hungarian casualties were incurred on the Italian front, which if accurate would equate to 400,000 killed, 1,210,000 wounded, and 730,000 missing/captured.
[9]
Tortato, Alessandro: La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed.
[10]
Clodfelter gives the total missing/captured as 653,000; well-documented Italian sources give the total number of prisoners as 477,024.

[1] [1]
Cassar (1998), p.91

[2] [2]
La Grande Guerra: The Allies Post-Caporetto Support of Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-03）.

[3] [3]
Doughboys in Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-22）.

[4] [4]
Mortara 1925，第28–29页

[FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419-5] [5]
Clodfelter 2017，第419页.

[6] [6]
Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920, The War Office, p. 744.

[7] [7]
Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918," Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 30% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Italian front (including 155,350 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records remain incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war-losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. 30% of casualties equates to 363,000 dead and 1,086,000 wounded.

[8] [8]
Heinz von Lichem, "Gebirgskrieg," Volume 3. States that 1/3 of Austro-Hungarian casualties were incurred on the Italian front, which if accurate would equate to 400,000 killed, 1,210,000 wounded, and 730,000 missing/captured.

[9] [9]
Tortato, Alessandro: La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed.

[10] [10]
Clodfelter gives the total missing/captured as 653,000; well-documented Italian sources give the total number of prisoners as 477,024.

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