美洲貂

美洲貂（学名：Martes americana）是北美洲的一种貂属物种，体长0.5—0.7米，尾长13.5—16公分，成体重0.5—1.4公斤^[6][7]。本种的分布范围北至阿拉斯加与加拿大的极地气候区，南至美国纽约州，在针叶林、落叶林与混合林中均有分布^[8]，其中有些地区的族群被消灭后又被重新引入^[7]，宾州、伊利诺伊州、马里兰州、麻州、俄亥俄州与西维吉尼亚州等地的本种族群可能已完全消失^[9]。

美洲貂
分布于纽芬兰的一个美洲貂亚种
保护状况
无危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
安全（NatureServe）[2]
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	鼬科 Mustelidae
属：	貂属 Martes
种：	美洲貂 M. americana
二名法
Martes americana (Turton（英语：William Turton）, 1806)[3]
亚种[4]
M. a. americana M. a. abieticola M. a. abietinoides M. a. actuosa M. a. atrata M. a. brumalis M. a. kenaiensis
异名
Martes nobilis[5] Alopecogale americana Alopecogale nobilis

美洲貂过去与分布于北美西部的太平洋貂（英语：Pacific marten）为同物异名，现已基于分子证据被分为独立物种^{[10][11][12][13]}；更新世晚期、全新世早期的一化石物种Martes nobilis可能也是本种的异名^[5]。现本种之下包括7个亚种，但彼此无明显外表差异^[14][15]。

哥伦比亚山脉与阿拉斯加的库普列亚诺夫岛和库尤岛等地为美洲貂与太平洋貂的自然杂交区（英语：Hybrid zone）^[16]，此外有许多地区人为引入的美洲貂和原生的太平洋貂杂交^[17]，已发生基因渗入，对太平洋貂的族群造成威胁^[16][18]。

参考文献

1. Helgen, K.; Reid, F. Martes americana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41648A45212861 [19 February 2022]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41648A45212861.en .
2. NatureServe Explorer 2.0. explorer.natureserve.org. [30 March 2022].
3. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Martes americana. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. OL 3392515M. NLC 001238428.
4. Martes americana. MSW3.
5. Youngman, Phillip M.; Schueler, Frederick W. Martes nobilis Is a Synonym of Martes americana, Not an Extinct Pleistocene-Holocene Species. Journal of Mammalogy. 1991, 72 (3): 567–577. JSTOR 1382140. doi:10.2307/1382140.
6. Martes americana (American Marten). Idaho State University.
7. Buskirk, Steven W.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. (1994). "American marten}, pp. 7–37 in Ruggiero, Leonard F.; Aubry, Keith B.; Buskirk, Steven W.; Lyon, L. Jack; Zielinski, William J., tech. eds. The scientific basis for conserving carnivores: American marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-254. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
8. American marten. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. [2020-08-26].
9. Buskirk, Steven W.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. American Marten (PDF). USDA Forest Service. [30 March 2022].
10. Archived copy (PDF). [16 December 2020]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于4 May 2020）.
11. Moriarty, Katie M.; Aubry, Keith B.; Morozumi, Connor N.; Howell, Betsy L.; Happe, Patricia J.; Jenkins, Kurt J.; Pilgrim, Kristine L.; Schwartz, Michael K. Status of Pacific Martens (Martes caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science. 2019, 93 (2): 122. S2CID 202759726. doi:10.3955/046.093.0204 .
12. Colella, Jocelyn P; Johnson, Ellie J; Cook, Joseph A. Reconciling molecules and morphology in North American Martes. Journal of Mammalogy. 2018-12-05, 99 (6): 1323–1335. ISSN 0022-2372. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy140.
13. Martes americana, M. caurina. www.fs.fed.us. [2021-07-01].
14. Stone, Katharine. (2010). "Martes americana, American marten". In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Retrieved on 2018-11-11.
15. Chapman, Joseph A.; Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C. (2003). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. p. 635. ISBN 0-8018-7416-5
16. Colella, Jocelyn P.; Wilson, Robert E.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. Implications of introgression for wildlife translocations: the case of North American martens. Conservation Genetics. 2019-04-01, 20 (2): 153–166. Bibcode:2019ConG...20..153C. ISSN 1572-9737. S2CID 85447345. doi:10.1007/s10592-018-1120-5.
17. Clark, Tim W.; Anderson, Elaine; Douglas, Carman; Strickland, Marjorie. Martes americana (PDF). Mammalian Species. 1987, (289): 1–8. JSTOR 3503918. S2CID 253945118. doi:10.2307/3503918. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于4 March 2016）.
18. Dawson, Natalie G.; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Small, Maureen P.; Stone, Karen D.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. Historical biogeography sets the foundation for contemporary conservation of martens (genus Martes) in northwestern North America. Journal of Mammalogy. 2017-05-29, 98 (3): 715–730. ISSN 0022-2372. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx047 .