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瞻礼单天主教会整理教会年历的传统方法。把每一天的一个或多个圣人联系起来,而叫这天做圣人的瞻礼日(Feast day)。这个系统源起于非常早期的基督教传统,在殉道者逝世的日子(即在天堂出生的日子),每年纪念殉道者,以鼓励教友学习圣人的品德,像他们一样战胜罪恶、在基督内复活。所以,圣人的宗教节日拉丁文称做Dies Natalis (诞生之日)。

一份中世纪的芬兰语瞻礼单手稿,大约作于1340年-1360年,曾经被芬兰图尔库港的道明会女修道院使用。此页展现了六月的瞻礼单。

在天主教会,纪念圣人的宗教活动被称为圣人瞻礼。瞻礼原本是佛教用语;天主教传教士初来中国时,为翻译拉丁文而从佛教借用。

天主教的庆节分三种:

  1. 节日(Sollemnitas),最隆重的,例如圣诞节复活节
  2. 庆日(Festum),隆重的,例如2月2日献主节
  3. 纪念(Memoriae),较不隆重,例如10月4日亚西西的方济各纪念日

罗马礼教会有通用的礼仪年历,包含了被认为具有普世意义的圣人节庆;在宗座批准下个别教会或修会可以制定专用年历,这些年历可能包含对本教会或修会而言有特别意义的节庆[1]

罗马礼通用礼仪年历

日期不定(一般)

1月

  • 主显节后主日(若主显节于主日,如1月7、8日,则于下一个周一) - 主受洗节英语Baptism of the Lord——庆日
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2月

  • 2月2日 - 献主节——庆日
  • 2月3日 - 圣巴拉斯(主教、殉道);或圣安斯卡(主教)——纪念(可选)
  • 2月5日 - 圣女亚加大(殉道)——纪念
  • 2月6日 - 圣保禄三木及同伴(日本殉道者)——纪念
  • 2月8日 - 圣热罗尼莫·艾明廉;或St. Josephine Margaret Bakhita(童贞)——纪念(可选)
  • 2月10日 - 圣思嘉(童贞)——纪念
  • 2月11日 - 露德圣母——纪念(可选)
  • 2月14日 - 圣济利禄(隐修士)及圣默多狄(主教)——纪念
  • 2月17日 - 圣母忠仆会七位会祖——纪念(可选)
  • 2月21日 - 圣伯多禄·达弥盎(主教、圣师)——纪念(可选)
  • 2月22日 - 建立圣伯多禄宗座——庆日
  • 2月23日 - 圣玻里加(主教、殉道)——纪念

3月

  • 3月4日 - 圣加西弥禄(殉道)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月7日 - 圣女伯尔都亚圣女斐尼丝(殉道)——纪念
  • 3月8日 - 圣若望由天主者(会士)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月9日 - 圣女方济加·露雯(修女)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月17日 - 圣博德(主教)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月18日 - 耶路撒冷的圣济利禄(主教、圣师)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月19日 - 大圣若瑟,童贞圣母玛利亚净配——节日
  • 3月23日 - 圣多利坡(主教)——纪念(可选)
  • 3月25日 - 圣母领报——节日

4月

5月

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6月

Thumb
七月瞻礼单手稿

7月

8月

9月

10月

11月

12月

  • 圣诞八日庆期内主日(若无主日,于12月30日) - 圣家节——庆日

地区性礼仪年历

中国

  • 1月14日 - 真福和德理(司铎)
  • 1月15日 - 圣刘方济(司铎、殉道)
  • 1月23日 - 圣白小满(殉道)
  • 1月27日 - 圣赵荣(司铎、殉道)
  • 1月29日 - 圣王炳及同伴(殉道)或圣福若瑟(司铎)
  • 1月30日 -真福雷永明(司铎)
  • 2月13日 - 圣蓝月旺(司铎、殉道)
  • 2月18日 - 圣刘格来(方济克莱)(司铎、殉道)或圣吴学圣、圣文乃耳及同伴(殉道)
  • 2月21日 - 圣刘翰佐(司铎、殉道)
  • 3月1日 - 圣曹桂英(殉道)
  • 3月12日 - 圣张大鹏(殉道)
  • 4月8日 - 真福雅松大(修女)
  • 5月4日 - 真福梅慕雅(司铎)
  • 5月17日 - 圣刘文元(殉道)
  • 5月27日 - 圣白多禄(主教、殉道)
  • 5月29日 - 圣郝开枝(殉道)
  • 6月23日 - 圣袁在德(司铎、殉道)
  • 7月20日 - 圣任德芬及同伴(殉道)
  • 7月21日 - 圣郭西德(司铎、殉道)
  • 7月28日 - 圣陈昌品及同伴(殉道)
  • 9月11日 - 圣董文学(司铎、殉道)
  • 10月25日 - 圣施方济及同伴(殉道)
  • 11月7日 - 圣吴国盛(殉道)
  • 11月24日 - 圣徐德新(主教、殉道)

英格兰

According to the national calendar of England,[3] as requested by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and approved by the Holy See:

  • 12 January: Saint Aelred of Rievaulx - Optional Memorial
  • 19 January: Saint Wulstan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 14 February: Saints Cyril, monk, and Methodius, bishop - Feast
  • 1 March: Saint David, bishop - Feast
  • 17 March: Saint Patrick, bishop - Feast
  • 21 April: Saint Anselm of Canterbury, bishop and doctor - Optional Memorial
  • 23 April: Saint George, martyr - Solemnity
  • 24 April: Saint Adalbert, bishop and martyr or Saint Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr - Optional Memorial
  • 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena, virgin and doctor - Feast
  • 4 May: The English Martyrs - Feast
  • 19 May: Saint Dunstan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 25 May: Saint Bede the Venerable, priest and doctor - Memorial
  • 27 May: Saint Augustine of Canterbury, bishop - Feast
  • 5 June: Saint Boniface, martyr - Memorial
  • 6月9日 - 圣高隆(院长)——纪念(可选)
  • 16 June: Saint Richard of Chichester, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 20 June: Saint Alban, martyr - Optional Memorial
  • 22 June: Saints John Fisher, bishop and Thomas More, martyrs - Feast
  • 23 June: Saint Etheldreda (Audrey), virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 1 July: Saint Oliver Plunket, bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial
  • 11 July: Saint Benedict, abbot - Feast
  • 23 July: Saint Bridget, religious - Feast
  • 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein), virgin and martyr - Feast
  • 26 August: Blessed Dominic of the Mother of God Barberi, priest - Optional Memorial
  • 30 August: Saints Margaret Clitherow, Anne Line and Margaret Ward, martyrs - Optional Memorial
  • 31 August: Saint Aidan, bishop and the Saints of Lindisfarne - Optional Memorial
  • 3 September: Saint Gregory the Great, pope and doctor - Feast
  • 4 September: Saint Cuthbert, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 19 September: Saint Theodore of Canterbury, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 24 September: Our Lady of Walsingham - Memorial
  • 9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman, priest - Optional Memorial
  • 10 October: Saint Paulinus of York, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 12 October: Saint Wilfrid, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 13 October: Saint Edward the Confessor - Optional Memorial
  • 26 October: Saints Chad and Cedd, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 3 November: Saint Winefride, virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 7 November: Saint Willibrord, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 16 November: Saint Edmund of Abingdon, bishop or Saint Margaret of Scotland - Optional Memorial
  • 17 November: Saint Hilda, abbess or Saint Hugh of Lincoln, bishop or Saint Elizabeth of Hungary - Optional Memorial
  • 30 November: Saint Andrew, apostle - Feast
  • 29 December: Saint Thomas Becket, bishop and martyr - Feast

法国

According to the Calendrier propre à la France' [4]

  • 1月3日 - 圣女日南斐法(童贞)——纪念(可选)
  • 15 January: Saint Remigius, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 14 February: Saints Cyril, monk and Methodius, bishop - Feast
  • 19 February: Saint Bernadette Soubirous, virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena, virgin and doctor - Feast
  • 20 May: Saint Ivo, priest - Optional Memorial
  • 5月30日 - 圣女贞德(童贞、法兰西第二主保圣人)——纪念
  • 2 June: Saint Pothinus, bishop, Saint Blandina, virgin, and their companions, martyrs - Optional Memorial
  • 5 June: Saint Clotilde - Optional Memorial
  • 11 July: Saint Benedict, abbot - Feast
  • 23 July: Saint Brigitta, religious - Feast
  • 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, virgin and martyr - Feast
  • 15 August: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, principal patroness of France - Solemnity
  • 26 August: Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 1 October: Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus, virgin, secondary patroness of France - Memorial

爱尔兰

According to the national calendar of Ireland,[5] as drawn up by the Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference and approved by the Holy See:

  • 3 January: Saint Munchin, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 15 January: Saint Ita, virgin - Memorial
  • 16 January: Saint Fursa, abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial
  • 30 January: Saint Aidan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 1 February: Saint Brigid, virgin - Feast
  • 7 February: Saint Mel, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 11 February: Saint Gobnait, virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 14 February: Saints Cyril, monk and Methodius, bishop - Feast
  • 17 February: Saint Fintan - Optional Memorial
  • 1 March: Saint David, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 5 March: Saint Kieran, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 8 March: Saint Senan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 11 March: Saint Aengus (Oengus), bishop and abbot - Optional Memorial
  • 17 March: Saint Patrick, bishop - Solemnity
  • 21 March: Saint Enda, abbot - Optional Memorial
  • 24 March: Saint Macartan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 1 April: Saint Ceallach (Celsus), bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 18 April: Saint Molaise (Laisrén, Laserian), bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 27 April: Saint Asicus, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena, virgin and doctor - Feast
  • 4 May: Saint Conleth, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 5 May: Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice, religious - Optional Memorial
  • 10 May: Saint Comgall, abbot - Optional Memorial
  • 15 May: Saint Carthage, bishop (Mochuta) - Optional Memorial
  • 16 May: Saint Brendan, abbot - Optional Memorial
  • 3 June: Saint Kevin, abbot - Memorial
  • 6 June: Saint Jarlath, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 7 June: Saint Colman of Dromore, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 6月9日 - 圣高隆(院长、传教士)——庆日
  • 14 June: Saint Davnet, virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 20 June: Blessed Irish Martyrs - Memorial
  • 1 July: Saint Oliver Plunkett, bishop and martyr - Memorial
  • 6 July: Saint Moninne, virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 7 July: Saint Maelruain (Maolruain), virgin - Optional Memorial
  • 8 July: Saint Killian, bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial
  • 11 July: Saint Benedict, abbot - Feast
  • 23 July: Saint Birgitta, religious - Feast
  • 24 July: Saint Declan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein), virgin and martyr - Feast
  • 9 August: In the revised liturgical calendar for Ireland, approved by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on 1 October 1998 (Protocol No. 227/97/L), optional memorials of Saint Nathy and Saint Felim were assigned to this day; outside the dioceses that celebrate them with a higher rank, their celebrations are impeded by that of Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, who was later declared one of the patron saints of Europe.
  • 12 August: Saint Muiredach, bishop, Saint Attracta, virgin, or Saint Lelia, virgin - Optional Memorials
  • 13 August: Saint Fachtna, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 17 August: Our Lady of Knock - Feast
  • 23 August: Saint Eugene (Eoghan), bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 30 August: Saint Fiacre, monk - Optional Memorial
  • 31 August: Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne, bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial
  • 4 September: Saint Mac Nissi, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 9 September: Saint Ciaran, abbot - Memorial
  • 12 September: Saint Ailbe, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 23 September: The celebration of Saint Eunan (Adomnan), abbot as an optional memorial is now generally impeded by the later assignation to this date in the General Calendar of the obligatory memorial of Saint Pio of Pietralcina
  • 25 September: Saint Finbarr, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 3 October: Blessed Columba Marmion, priest - Optional Memorial (in some places)
  • 9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman, priest - Optional Memorial (in some places)
  • 11 October: Saint Canice, abbot - Optional Memorial
  • 16 October: Saint Gall, abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial
  • 27 October: Saint Otteran, monk - Optional Memorial
  • 29 October: Saint Colman of Kilmacduagh, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 3 November: Saint Malachy, bishop - Memorial
  • 6 November: All Saints of Ireland - Feast
  • 7 November: Saint Willibrord, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 14 November: Saint Laurence O'Toole, bishop- Optional Memorial
  • 23 November: Saint Columban, abbot and missionary - Memorial
  • 25 November Saint Colman of Cloyne, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 27 November Saint Fergal, bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial
  • 12 December Saint Finnian of Clonard, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 18 December Saint Flannan, bishop - Optional Memorial
  • 20 December Saint Fachanan of Kilfenora, bishop - Optional Memorial

苏格兰

According to the national calendar of Scotland, as requested by the Bishops' Conference of Scotland and approved by the Holy See:[来源请求]

  • 13 January: Saint Kentigern - Memorial
  • 14 February: Saints Cyril, Monk and Methodius - Feast
  • 10 March: Saint John Ogilvie - Feast
  • 17 March: Saint Patrick - Feast
  • 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena - Feast
  • 6月9日 - 圣高隆——纪念
  • 11 July: Saint Benedict - Feast
  • 23 July: Saint Birgitta - Feast
  • 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) - Feast
  • 16 September: Saint Ninian - Memorial
  • 16 November: Saint Margaret of Scotland - Feast
  • 30 November: Saint Andrew the Apostle - Solemnity

澳洲

新西兰

参考文献

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