纳尔瓦之役（俄语：Битва на Нарве，瑞典语：Slaget vid Narva，英语：Battle of Narva）发生于1700年11月30日，俄罗斯帝国入侵瑞典领土。最终瑞典国王卡尔十二世以一流的战术大败沙皇彼得大帝的大军。这场战役是大北方战争的开端。
Quick Facts 纳尔瓦之役, 日期 ...
| 纳尔瓦之役 |
|---|
| 大北方战争的一部分 |
《1700年纳尔瓦之役》，由丹尼尔·斯图尔特绘制 |
|
| 参战方 |
|---|
 瑞典帝国 |
 俄罗斯沙皇国 |
| 指挥官与领导者 |
|---|
卡尔十二世[3]
卡尔·古斯塔夫·雷恩斯基尔德[3]
奥托·韦灵克[3] |
夏尔·德·克罗伊[3]
阿维托诺姆·戈洛文[3]
伊万·特鲁贝齐科伊[3]
亚当·韦德[3]
鲍里斯·舍列梅捷夫[3]
伊梅列季亲王[3] |
| 兵力 |
|---|
纳尔瓦兵营:
1,800人
297门火炮
援军:
10,500人
37门加农炮[a] |
37,000人
195门火炮[b] |
| 伤亡与损失 |
|---|
667人战死
1,247人负伤[c] |
超过9,000人战死
20,000人被俘[d] |
- ^[a] About 12,300 men of which 1,800 were stationed in Narva with 297 artillery pieces and 10,537 (5,889 infantry, 4,314 cavalry, 37 cannons with 334 crew) assaulting the Russians.[4]
- ^[b] Up to 37,000 men of which 4,000 were deployed at the siege-works with 125 artillery pieces and 33,000 (23,652 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, 70 cannons with 321 crew) facing the Swedes.[5][6][7]
- ^[c] Reports of 31 officers and 636 privates dead, 66 officers and 1,181 privates wounded.[8] Another report claims almost 900 dead Swedish troops[9]
- ^[d] Almost the entire Russian force was either killed or captured during the battle (except for some 4,000 cavalry who managed to escape over the kamperholm bridge).[10] 8,000 Russians were reported killed and another 1,000 drowned.[8] Over 20,000 were captured and disarmed but later set free and allowed march to Russia (except for 700 men [134 officers] who were set prisoners).[8][11][12] 23,000 out of initially 37,000 Russians managed to reach back to Russian land, estimating the Russian final casualties to about 14,000 either dead during the battle or the harsh march back to Russia.[8] The Swedes also seized 171 standards and banners, 145 cannons, 28 mortars and four howitzers as well as 24,000 muskets.[9][13]
|
Close
11月30日，37,000名俄军包围了仅由8,140名瑞典军（由卡尔十二世率领）防守的纳尔瓦，但中午，查理十二世的瑞典军与援兵突袭俄军，轻易地把慌张的俄军打败，加上俄军指挥多是外地人，使很多军团都不能合作，所以战役后，俄军失去了足足15,000人，而瑞典则只有667人阵亡。
Jeremy Black (1996), p. 111
Christer Kuvaja (2008), p.139
Lars-Eric Höglund, Åke Sallnäs, Alexander Vespalov (2011). Great Northern War 1700 - 1721, II.
Generalstaben (1918-1919). Karl XII på slagfältet.
Boris Grigorjev & Aleksandr Bespalov (2012). Kampen mot övermakten. Baltikums fall 1700-1710. pp. 38
Cathal J. Nolan (2008). Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715. pp. 313
Hughes, Lindsey. Russia in the Age of Peter the Great. — New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. pp. 30.
Olle Larsson, Stormaktens sista krig (2009) Lund, Historiska Media. pp. 99
瑞典帝国
俄罗斯沙皇国
