粉砂岩

粉砂岩（英语：Siltstone）又称aleurolite^[1]，是一种碎屑沉积岩，主要由粉砂组成。与页岩不同在于缺乏片状裂理。 粉砂岩渗透率和孔隙率相对较低，但可形成天然气致密储层岩石 ^[2][3]。 开采需要水力压裂^[4]。粉砂岩在古埃及用于制造雕像和化妆品调色板。 在 Wadi Hammamat 开采的粉砂岩最有名。是一种坚硬、细粒的粉砂岩，抗剥落^[5]。

粉砂岩

沉积岩

粉砂岩

描述

Holtzclaw 粉砂岩, 地点：Louisville, Kentucky

粉砂被定义为直径为 2–62 μm 的颗粒，或在 Krumbein phi (φ) 尺度上为 4 至 8 的颗粒^[6]。 粉砂岩是任何含有 50% 或更多粉砂大小颗粒的沉积岩^[7]。 粉砂岩与砂岩不同，因为它们的孔隙更小，并且含粘土量大。虽然经常被误认为是页岩，但粉砂岩缺乏页岩典型的片状裂理。 粉砂岩可能含有结核 ^[8][9]. 且其风化面与层理无关。

来源

粉砂岩是一种不寻常的岩石，其中大部分粉砂颗粒由石英制成^[10]。 石英粉砂的起源一直是很多研究和争论的话题^[11][12]。一些石英粉砂可能起源于细粒叶页状变质岩，而许多海相粉砂可能是生物成因^[13][14]. 但大多数石英沉积物来自石英的花岗岩^[15]. 花岗岩颗粒很大需要高能量地质作用粉碎这些颗粒^[16]。 例如冰川磨蚀^[17][18]. 在寒冷、构造活跃的山脉中风化；正常风化，特别是在热带地区^[19][20]. 以及在炎热的沙漠环境中由盐形成^[21]. 粉砂岩形成于相对安静的沉积环境中，细颗粒可以从传输介质（空气或水）中沉淀出来并在地表堆积^[22]。 在浊积岩序列^[23]， [[三角洲<]]ref name=”Line”>Lineback, Jerry Alvin. "Deep-water sediments adjacent to the Borden Siltstone (Mississippian) delta in southern Illinois." Circular no. 401 (1966) </ref>，冰川沉积物^[24] 和微地槽环境中都存在^[25]。

参考文献

1. Gyöngyi Farkas Characterization of subterranean bacteria in the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone (Aleurolite) Formation Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46(6):559-64
2. Clarkson, Christopher R.; Jensen, Jerry L.; Pedersen, Per Kent; Freeman, Melissa (February 2012). "Innovative methods for flow-unit and pore-structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir". AAPG Bulletin. 96 (2): 355–374.
3. Cao, Zhe; Liu, Guangdi; Zhan, Hongbin; Gao, Jin; Zhang, Jingya; Li, Chaozheng; Xiang, Baoli (May 2017). "Geological roles of the siltstones in tight oil play". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 83: 333–344. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.020.
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