类固醇生成酶

类固醇生成酶类（英语：Steroidogenic enzymes）是指一大类涉及甾体激素生物合成与代谢的酶类^[2][3][4][5]。这些酶参与合成的甾体激素包括性激素类（雄激素、雌激素、孕激素）和肾上腺皮质激素类（糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素，以及由胆固醇生成的神经甾体^[3][4][5]。类固醇生成酶在涉及类固醇生成的组织，如睾丸、卵巢、肾上腺皮质里有很高的表达，但也存在于身体的其他组织^[3][4][5]。

甾体激素的生物合成^[1]

类固醇生成酶类列表

• 甾体碳链裂解酶类
  • 胆固醇侧链裂解酶（20,22-碳链裂解酶）– 甾体合成
  • 17,20-裂解酶（17,20-碳链裂解酶）–雄激素合成
• Steroid hydroxylases
  • 11β-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
  • 17α-羟化酶 – 雄激素与糖皮质激素生成
  • 18-Hydroxylase (aldosterone synthase) – mineralocorticoid synthesis
  • 21-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
  • 其它细胞色素P450氧化酶（如CYP1、2、3）– 雌激素代谢
• 羟基类固醇脱氢酶类（也即酮类固醇还原酶类）
  • 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis and metabolism
  • 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ^5-4-isomerase (1, 2) – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis
  • 11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（1、2）– 肾上腺皮质激素合成与代谢
  • 17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（1–15）– 三种性激素的合成与代谢
  • 20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – progestogen synthesis and metabolism
  • 20β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶 – 孕激素的合成与代谢

甾体激素各个碳原子的编号

• 甾体还原酶类
  • 5α还原酶（1、2、3）– 雄激素与神经甾体生成，孕激素代谢
  • 5β还原酶 – 雄激素和孕激素代谢，神经甾体生成
• Conjugation (and deconjugation)
  • Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT2Bs) – steroid metabolism^[6]
  • Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis^[7]
  • Steroid sulfotransferase (SULT1A1, 1E1, 2A1, 2B1a, 2B1b) – steroid metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis^[8]
  • Steroid sulfatase – steroid synthesis, neurosteroid metabolism^[8]
• 其它
  • 芳香化酶（雌激素合成酶，CYP19A1）合成雌激素

另见

参考文献

1. Häggström, Mikael; Richfield, David. Diagram of the pathways of human steroidogenesis. WikiJournal of Medicine. [2019-06-28]. doi:10.15347/wjm/2014.005. （原始内容存档于2021-02-28） （英语）.
2. Hanukoglu I. Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Dec 1992, 43 (8): 779–804. PMID 22217824. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5.
3. Payne AH, Hales DB. Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocr. Rev. 2004, 25 (6): 947–70. PMID 15583024. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0030.
4. Luu-The V, Labrie F. The intracrine sex steroid synthesis pathways. Prog. Brain Res. 2010, 181: 177–92. PMID 20478438. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81010-2.
5. Honour JW. Diagnosis of diseases of steroid hormone production, metabolism and action. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009, 1 (5): 209–26. PMC 3005746 . PMID 21274298. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v1i5.209.
6. Guillemette C, Lévesque E, Harvey M, Bellemare J, Menard V. UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication. Drug Metab. Rev. 2010, 42 (1): 24–44. PMID 19857043. doi:10.3109/03602530903210682.
7. William Fishman. Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis, Volume II. Elsevier. 2 December 2012: 1–. ISBN 978-0-323-14308-0.
8. Mueller JW, Gilligan LC, Idkowiak J, Arlt W, Foster PA. The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation. Endocr. Rev. 2015, 36 (5): 526–63. PMC 4591525 . PMID 26213785. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1036.