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种质(英语:Germ plasm)或称为极质,英语:polar plasm)是一些模式生物(例如秀丽隐杆线虫、黑腹果蝇、非洲爪蟾)卵细胞的细胞质中存在的一块区域,其中含有发生生殖细胞世系的决定子。当合子经历有丝分裂时,种质最终仅限于形成胚胎的少数细胞。这些生殖细胞接下来迁移到性腺之中。
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