矛蚁属(学名:Dorylus Fabricius, 1793)又称烈蚁属,行军蚁属和狩猎蚁属(英文名:Safari ants,Army ants,Driver ants),隶属于蚁科矛蚁亚科(Dorylinae)。主要分布在非洲大陆中部的南部地区,亚洲热带地区也有分布。
烈蚁属![]() | |
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威氏行军蚁的工蚁
Dorylus wilverthi | |
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雄蚁 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
目: | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
科: | 蚁科 Formicidae |
亚科: | 矛蚁亚科 Dorylinae |
属: | 烈蚁属 Dorylus Fabricius, 1793 |
模式种 | |
Dorylus helvolus (Linnaeus, 1764) | |
多样性[1] | |
约61种 | |
异名 | |
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此属蚁种的眼睛已退化。该属蚂蚁体型变化异常巨大,工蚁体型在10mm左右,蚁后最大能达到 50mm甚至更多。一个蚁群形成的时间为几天至三个月左右,所拥有成员的数量在二十万只到二千万只左右,部分物种兵蚁头部巨大且大颚特化[2]。该属的雄蚁也是世界上最大的,因此又称“香肠蚁”(sausage flies)。
生命周期和对人类的影响
它们周期性地活动,觅食阶段的时候,它们会形成数列的蚂蚁大军,在栖地中移动狩猎。这经常影响到人类,尽管每小时二十米缓慢的移动速度,足以让人们尽快地转移到安全的地方,由于它们在前进的过程中几乎会摧毁一切路上的事物,因此行军时穿越人类居住时能够造成极大的危害[2],若人不进行安全转移可造成窒息或被杀害的危险,尤其是体弱者和年轻人。所谓事物利弊共存,它们的觅食行为也会消灭对农业有害的害虫和大田鼠等等对人类不利的事物,有人将其昵称为“病虫害防治服务”。
种团&物种
本属的种团及物种包括:[3]
- Dorylus fimbriatus (Shuckard, 1840)
- Dorylus fuscipennis (Emery, 1892)
- Dorylus leo Santschi, 1919
- Dorylus ocellatus (Stitz, 1910)
- Dorylus savagei Emery, 1895
- Dorylus termitarius Wasmann, 1911
- 黄色行军蚁 Dorylus fulvus (Westwood, 1839)
- Dorylus labiatus Shuckard, 1840
- 邻行军蚁 Dorylus affinis Shuckard, 1840
- Dorylus agressor Santschi, 1923
- Dorylus alluaudi Santschi, 1914
- Dorylus bequaerti Forel, 1913
- Dorylus bishyiganus (Boven, 1972)
- Dorylus braunsi Emery, 1895
- Dorylus brevipennis Emery, 1895
- 刚果行军蚁 Dorylus congolensis Santschi, 1910
- Dorylus depilis Emery, 1895
- Dorylus emeryi Mayr, 1896
- Dorylus faurei Arnold, 1946
- Dorylus furcatus (Gerstaecker, 1872)
- Dorylus gaudens Santschi, 1919
- Dorylus ghanensis Boven, 1975
- Dorylus gribodoi Emery, 1892 – 包括 Dorylus gerstaeckeri Emery, 1895
- Dorylus helvolus (Linnaeus, 1764) (本属模式种)
- Dorylus kohli Wasmann, 1904
- Dorylus mandibularis Mayr, 1896
- Dorylus moestus Emery, 1895
- Dorylus schoutedeni Santschi, 1923
- Dorylus stadelmanni Emery, 1895
- Dorylus staudingeri Emery, 1895
- Dorylus striatidens Santschi, 1910
- 泰坦行军蚁 Dorylus titan Santschi, 1923
- 亮褐行军蚁 Dorylus laevigatus Smith, 1857
- Dorylus erraticus (Smith, 1865)
- Dorylus funereus Emery, 1895
- Dorylus mayri Santschi, 1912
- 侵扰行军蚁 Dorylus molestus Wheeler, 1922 争议中[4]
- Dorylus niarembensis (Boven, 1972)
- 黑色行军蚁 Dorylus nigricans Illiger, 1802
- Dorylus rufescens Santschi, 1915
- Dorylus stanleyi Forel, 1909
- 威氏行军蚁 Dorylus wilverthi Emery, 1899
- Dorylus acutus Santschi, 1937
- Dorylus aethiopicus Emery, 1895
- Dorylus atriceps Shuckard, 1840
- Dorylus attenuatus Shuckard, 1840
- Dorylus brevis Santschi, 1919
- Dorylus buyssoni Santschi, 1910
- Dorylus conradti Emery, 1895
- Dorylus diadema Gerstaecker, 1859
- Dorylus distinctus Santschi, 1910
- Dorylus ductor Santschi, 1939
- Dorylus katanensis Stitz, 1911
- Dorylus montanus Santschi, 1910
- 东方行军蚁 Dorylus orientailis Westwood, 1853 东方植食行军蚁
- 维希努行军蚁 Dorylus vishnui Wheeler, 1913
- Dorylus politus Emery, 1901
- Dorylus spininodis Emery, 1901
- Dorylus atratus Smith, 1859
- 韦氏行军蚁 Dorylus westwoodii (Shuckard, 1840)
延伸阅读
参考文献
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