疣螈属学名Tylototriton),是蝾螈科中的一个属,也被称之为鳄鱼蝾螈crocodile newts)、多节蝾螈knobby newts[1][2]

Quick Facts 疣螈属, 科学分类 ...
疣螈属
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红瘰疣螈 Tylototriton shanjing
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 两栖纲 Amphibia
目: 有尾目 Urodela
科: 蝾螈科 Salamandridae
亚科: 肋突螈亚科 Pleurodelinae
属: 疣螈属 Tylototriton
Andersson, 1871
模式种
棕黑疣螈
Tylototriton verrucosus
Anderson, 1871
异名
  • Liangshantriton Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2012
  • Qianotriton Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2012
  • Qiantriton Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2012
  • Tylotriton Anderson, 1871
  • Yaotriton Dubois & Raffaëlli, 2009
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大多数物种是近期被报道的。它们分布于印度东北部、尼泊尔缅甸泰国北部、老挝越南中国南方。

特征

疣螈属物种皮肤粗糙,满布瘰粒和疣粒,有的体侧有12~16枚瘰粒或瘰疣连续隆起成纵行。头部扁平而宽短,无唇褶,头侧骨质脊棱明显,背正中脊棱明显。舌卵圆,前后端粘连,两侧游离。指、趾无蹼,尾一般侧扁较长。犁骨齿列呈“∧”形,前端会合;前颌骨2,鼻突短,不达额骨;鼻骨大,介于前颌骨和额骨之间,额鳞弧粗壮;上颌骨长,与方骨相触,翼骨前端或以韧带或直接与上颌骨连接。基舌软骨前端有2对指状突;角鳃骨2对,第二对软骨质,上鳃骨仅1对,骨质细小。大部分卵单生,产于静水中或塘边陆地潮湿环境中。睾丸豆形,每侧2~3叶。早期幼体眼后下方有平衡枝;3对羽状外鳃发达;体尾肥实,尾背鳍起于体背前部。成体一般营陆栖生活。[3]

物种

截止2022年6月14日,根据 Amphibian Species of the World 中的数据,本属含有36种:[4]

  • 角疣螈 Tylototriton anguliceps Le, Nguyen, Nishikawa, Nguyen, Pham, Matsui, Bernardes & Nguyen, 2015
  • 安徽疣螈 Tylototriton anhuiensis Qian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu & Zhang, 2017[5]
  • 细痣疣螈 Tylototriton asperrimus Unterstein, 1930
  • 宽脊疣螈 Tylototriton broadoridgus Shen, Jiang & Mo, 2012
  • 大别疣螈 Tylototriton dabienicus Chen, Wang & Tao, 2010
  • 大娄山疣螈 Tylototriton daloushanensis Zhou, Xiao & Luo, 2022
  • 海南疣螈 Tylototriton hainanensis Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984
  • 喜山疣螈 Tylototriton himalayanus Khatiwada, Wang, Ghimire, Vasudevan, Paudel & Jiang, 2015[6]
  • Tylototriton (Tylototriton) houi Dufresnes & Hernandez, 2022[7]
  • 片马疣螈 Tylototriton joe Rao, Zeng, Zhu and Ma, 2022 [8]
  • 克钦疣螈 Tylototriton kachinorum Zaw, Lay, Pawangkhanant, Gorin & Poyarkov, 2019[9]
  • 贵州疣螈 Tylototriton kweichowensis Fang & Chang, 1932
  • 浏阳疣螈 Tylototriton liuyangensis Yang, Jiang, Shen & Fei, 2014[10]
  • 莽山疣螈 Tylototriton lizhengchangi Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li & Lu, 2012
  • 茂兰疣螈 Tylototriton maolanensis Li, Wei, Cheng, Zhang, and Wang, 2020
  • 伊洛瓦底疣螈 Tylototriton ngarsuensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, Grismer, Murdoch & Lin,2018,恩加苏疣螈
  • Tylototriton ngoclinhensis Phung, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh, Nguyen, Bernardes, Le, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2023[11]
  • 老挝疣螈 Tylototriton notialis Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay & Robichaud, 2010[12]
  • 潘氏疣螈 Tylototriton panhai Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013[13]
  • 邦瓦疣螈 Tylototriton panwaensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza & Murdoch, 2019
  • 帕氏疣螈 Tylototriton pasmansi M. Bernardes, M. D. Le, T. Q. Nguyen, C. T. Pham, A. V. Pham, T.T. Nguyen & T. Ziegler[14]
    • Tylototriton pasmansi obsti M. Bernardes, M. D. Le, T. Q. Nguyen, C.T. Pham, A. V. Pham, T.T. Nguyen & T. Ziegler[14]
  • 普卡疣螈 Tylototriton phukhaensis Pomchote, Khonsue, Thammachoti, Hernandez, Suwannapoom et Nishikawa[15]
  • 琅勃拉邦疣螈 Tylototriton podichthys Phimmachak, Aowphol & Stuart, 2015[16]
  • Tylototriton primigenius Noble, 1928
  • 川南疣螈 Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng & Lu, 2012
  • 丽色疣螈 Tylototriton pulcherrimus Hou, Zhang, Li & Lu, 2021
  • 红瘰疣螈 Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995 — 曾被视为黑棕疣螈[17]
  • 缅甸疣螈 Tylototriton shanorum Nishikawa, Matsui & Rao, 2014[18]
  • 辛氏疣螈 Tylototriton sini Lyu, Wang, Zeng, Zhou, Qi, Wan & Wang[19]
  • 斯氏疣螈 Tylototriton sparreboomi Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2020[14]
  • 大凉疣螈 Tylototriton taliangensis Liu, 1950
  • 泰疣螈 Tylototriton thaiorum Poyarkov, Nguyen & Arkhipov, 2021
  • 桐梓疣螈 Tylototriton tongziensis Li, Liu, Shi, Wei & Wang, 2022
  • 翁庞疣螈 Tylototriton umphangensis Pomchote, Peerachidacho, Hernandez, Sapewisut, Khonsue, Thammachoti & Nishikawa, 2021[20]
  • 清迈疣螈 Tylototriton uyenoi Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013[13]
  • 黑棕疣螈 Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871,棕黑疣螈[21][22][23]
  • 越南疣螈 Tylototriton vietnamensis Böhme, Schöttler, Nguyen & Köhler, 2005[24]
  • 文县疣螈 Tylototriton wenxianensis Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984
  • 滇南疣螈 Tylototriton yangi Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li & Lu, 2012
  • Tylototriton zaimeng Decemson, Lalremsanga, Elangbam, Vabeiryureilai, Shinde, Purkayastha, Arkhipov, Bragin & Poyarkov, 2023[25]
  • 蔡氏疣螈 Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui & Nguyen, 2013[2]

保育状况

本属所有种均被列为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二物种,被限制出口及贸易。

参考

外部链接

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