环蛇属(学名:Bungarus)中的成员皆为具致命毒素的蛇,属于眼镜蛇科,主要分布在亚洲。
这个属之下,总共有12个种,其中7种在印度也可见(B. bungaroides、B. caeruleus、B. fasciatus、B. lividus、B. niger、B. sindanus、B. undamanensis)。这类蛇主要以其他蛇类和蜥蜴为食。环蛇属皆为夜行性,动作缓慢,喜欢把头部隐藏于它们盘卷的身体之下,并挥动它们的尾部来分散其他生物的注意力。常见的种类包括金环蛇、银环蛇和印度环蛇。
下属分类
本科包括以下属:[1]
- 安达曼环蛇 Bungarus andamanensis Biswas & Sanyal, 1978
- 喜山环蛇 Bungarus bungaroides (Cantor, 1839)
- 印度环蛇 Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801)
- 马来环蛇 Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 斯里兰卡环蛇 Bungarus ceylonicus Günther, 1864
- 金环蛇 Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801)
- 红头环蛇 Bungarus flaviceps Reinhardt, 1843
- 乌环蛇 Bungarus lividus Cantor, 1839
- 缅甸环蛇 Bungarus magnimaculatus Wall & Evans, 1901
- 银环蛇 Bungarus multicinctus Blyth, 1861
- 黑环蛇 Bungarus niger Wall, 1908
- 波斯环蛇 Bungarus persicus Abtin, Nilson, Mobaraki, Hooseini & Dehgannejhad, 2014,伊朗环蛇
- Bungarus romulusi Sunagar, Khochare, Senji Laxme, Attarde, Dam, Suranse, Khaire, Martin & Captain, 2021
- Bungarus sagittatus Aksornneam, Rujirawan, Yodthong, Sung & Aowphol, 2024[2]
- 信德环蛇 Bungarus sindanus Boulenger, 1897,希达努斯环蛇
- 红河环蛇 Bungarus slowinskii Kuch, Kizirian, Nguyen, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs, 2005
- 素贞环蛇 Bungarus suzhenae Chen, Shi, Vogel, Ding & Shi, 2021,以《白蛇传》中的人物白素贞来命名[3]
- 沃氏环蛇 Bungarus walli Wall, 1907,鄂氏环蛇
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