烤架俱乐部

烤架俱乐部
成立时间	1885年1月24日，139年前
类型	非营利
纳税人; 识别号码（英语：Taxpayer Identification Number）	36-4643320
地址	华盛顿哥伦比亚特区;

烤架俱乐部（Gridiron Club）是美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区一家新闻机构。

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烤架俱乐部一度禁止吸纳女会员，也禁止年度晚宴邀请女客人。^[1]^[2]即使国家记者俱乐部于1971年开始接纳女会员，但烤架俱乐部依然我行我素。1972年，烤架俱乐部终于在晚宴上邀请女性，其中包括几位女性国会议员以及科丽塔·斯科特·金和华盛顿邮报出版人凯瑟琳·葛兰姆。 ^[2]

烤架俱乐部于1975年接纳了第一批女记者成员，其中包括合众国际社的海伦·汤玛斯。^[1]海伦·托马斯将在1993年成为俱乐部的第一位女主席。 ^[3]

原本俱乐部会员主要是平面媒体新闻了为主，后来开始扩大到电视新闻媒体人，例如NBC新闻的提姆·拉瑟特。^[4]

该俱乐部于2008年与慈善机构烤架基金会合并，成立了烤架俱乐部和基金会，这是一个501(c)(3) 组织。俱乐部和基金会每年都会向许多新闻机构和学院提供奖学金，其中就包括马里兰大学、乔治华盛顿大学。^[5]

俱乐部主席每年轮换一次。^[4]

烤架俱乐部每年都会举办晚宴。^[4]

自该俱乐部成立至2020年，除格罗弗·克利夫兰之外的每一位美国总统都在晚宴上发过言。 ^[6] 晚宴通常在三月举行。 ^[4]

就像白宫记者协会晚宴一样，烤架俱乐部晚宴也受到批评，有人认为它鼓励记者与政治人物相处，可能记者在报道时会有所偏袒。 ^[7]

由于2019冠状病毒病疫情，烤架俱乐部晚宴没有在2020年和2021年举行。2022年4月2日，烤架俱乐部晚宴恢复举行，结果此次晚宴成为了一场病毒超级传播事件，超过67人感染COVID-19，其中美国司法部长梅里克·加兰、美国农业部长汤姆·维尔萨克和美国商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多以及纽约市市长艾瑞克·亚当斯均感染COVID-19。^[8]^[9]^[10]

[1]
In Memoriam: Frances Lewine, 1921-2008. Journalism and Women Symposium. March 12, 2010 [November 7, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-08）. ...the women in Washington turned their sights on another institution, the Gridiron Club, once described by Harrison Salisbury of The New York Times as "an assembly of troglodytes." Nonetheless, it held a dinner each year, then as now, spoofing national leaders and attended by many of those leaders. But women were shut out.
[2]
Ritchie, Donald A. Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps. USA: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 9780199839094. Members voted 24 to 17 to permit women as guests but not as members. In 1972, invitation went out to Mrs. Nixon, members of Congress, Katharine Graham, and Coretta Scott King.
[3]
Sperling, Godfrey. The Guests Who Almost Did Not Come. Christian Science Monitor. April 6, 1993 [November 7, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）. The 108th renewal of the Gridiron's white-tie dinner was particularly eventful: Helen Thomas, White House correspondent for United Press International, presided over the gathering as the club's first woman president.
[4]
Glass, Andrew. Cheney Yuks It Up With the Press. The Politico. April 1, 2007 [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-31）.
[5]
Gridiron Foundation Establishes Five Journalism Scholarships at UM. Philip Merrill College of Journalism. [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2003-04-21）.
[6]
Roberts, Roxanne. At the Gridiron dinner, a Republican governor roasted Trump. Washington Post. 2022-04-03 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-04）.
[7]
Nolan, Hamilton. Joke is on the press at annual DC dinners. PRWeek. April 3, 2007 [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）.
[8]
Zhao, Christina; Roecker, Molly. 68 attendees of high profile D.C. dinner test positive for Covid. NBC News. April 10, 2022 [10 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-11）.
[9]
Philpott, Tom. The Gridiron Club Superspreader Event Shows We Can’t Just Go Back to Normal. Mother Jones. 9 April 2022 [10 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于9 April 2022）.
[10]
紐約市長確診唯一症狀聲音刺耳紐約 COVID-19 時間：2022-04-11 08:00新聞引據：採訪、路透社撰稿編輯：楊明娟. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-20）.

Remarks by the President at the Gridiron Dinner （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (March 9, 2013)
"Obama gets laughs at first Gridiron Club dinner as president" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 华盛顿邮报 (March 13, 2011)
Guide to Gridiron Club of Washington, D.C. records, 1885-1906 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Research Center
Library of Congress Collection donated by Gridiron Club of Washington, D.C. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[JAWS2010-1] [1]
In Memoriam: Frances Lewine, 1921-2008. Journalism and Women Symposium. March 12, 2010 [November 7, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-08）. ...the women in Washington turned their sights on another institution, the Gridiron Club, once described by Harrison Salisbury of The New York Times as "an assembly of troglodytes." Nonetheless, it held a dinner each year, then as now, spoofing national leaders and attended by many of those leaders. But women were shut out.

[Ritchie2005-2] [2]
Ritchie, Donald A. Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps. USA: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 9780199839094. Members voted 24 to 17 to permit women as guests but not as members. In 1972, invitation went out to Mrs. Nixon, members of Congress, Katharine Graham, and Coretta Scott King.

[CSM1993-3] [3]
Sperling, Godfrey. The Guests Who Almost Did Not Come. Christian Science Monitor. April 6, 1993 [November 7, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）. The 108th renewal of the Gridiron's white-tie dinner was particularly eventful: Helen Thomas, White House correspondent for United Press International, presided over the gathering as the club's first woman president.

[PolGlass-4] [4]
Glass, Andrew. Cheney Yuks It Up With the Press. The Politico. April 1, 2007 [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-31）.

[5] [5]
Gridiron Foundation Establishes Five Journalism Scholarships at UM. Philip Merrill College of Journalism. [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2003-04-21）.

[6] [6]
Roberts, Roxanne. At the Gridiron dinner, a Republican governor roasted Trump. Washington Post. 2022-04-03 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-04）.

[PRWeek-7] [7]
Nolan, Hamilton. Joke is on the press at annual DC dinners. PRWeek. April 3, 2007 [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）.

[8] [8]
Zhao, Christina; Roecker, Molly. 68 attendees of high profile D.C. dinner test positive for Covid. NBC News. April 10, 2022 [10 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-11）.

[9] [9]
Philpott, Tom. The Gridiron Club Superspreader Event Shows We Can’t Just Go Back to Normal. Mother Jones. 9 April 2022 [10 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于9 April 2022）.

[10] [10]
紐約市長確診唯一症狀聲音刺耳紐約 COVID-19 時間：2022-04-11 08:00新聞引據：採訪、路透社撰稿編輯：楊明娟. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-20）.

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烤架俱乐部

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成立时间	1885年1月24日，139年前（1885-01-24）
类型	非营利
纳税人识别号码（英语：Taxpayer Identification Number）	36-4643320
地址	华盛顿哥伦比亚特区