烟管蜗牛科 (学名:Clausiliidae ),亦作烟管螺科 [ 2] 或密封蜗科 ,是烟管蜗牛总科 之下的一种小型和非常长的科级 分类 。本科物种主要都是左旋 物种的陆生蜗牛、会呼吸空气的有肺类 腹足纲 直神经亚纲 柄眼目 软体动物 [ 3] :105 。
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本科旧属柄眼目 中尿道亚目 (Mesurethra )[ 4] 及泛有肺类 真有肺类 柄眼类 非正式群组弯尿道类 。
截至2008年10月 (2008-10 ) [update] ,本科连同现生种及化石种合共有1300个物种,是陆生蜗牛当中其生物多样性最高的分类单元(参照Orthalicidae ,在整个腹足纲来说也只是仅次于海生的小塔螺科 )。
本科物种在台湾的名称叫作“烟管蜗牛科”,这是得名于其壳口 的独特“烟管” 解剖结构,叫作“腔襞 ”[ 5] :116 ,让它们可以将它们的壳口 变得可以像一扇趟门 那样把壳口关闭起来。
Megalophaedusa martensi is the largest species of the family Clausiliidae in the world. The individual in the photograph has a shell which is 45.5 mm long. The whole snail weighs 3.2 g live.
几乎所有本科的贝壳都是左旋 的[ 3] :105 ,这在腹足纲物种的螺壳 来说并不常见。壳的表面有肋样构造[ 3] :105 。壳长约10到15 mm[ 3] :105 。
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired , with numerous whorls .
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.
Clausilia dubia 的“烟管”构造。
烟管蜗牛科物种在肺螺类 腹足纲 软体动物 来说相当特殊,因为它们大多数的壳口都有称为“腔襞”的类似“烟管”构造,就像一扇趟门一样。这种“烟管”与口盖 并不一样,因为在肺螺类物种都已有外套膜肺 ,并没有“口盖”这种构造。
腔襞是一种石灰质构造,舌形或调匙形,可将其壳口完全关闭,以防止肉食性的甲虫幼虫入侵其柔软的身体。腔襞有不同的形态,如“月形”[ 5] :116 或“弓形”[ 6] 腔襞、“倒C形腔襞”[ 5] :124 、“工形腔襞”[ 5] :118 、“平行腔襞”[ 5] :128 等,还可以分为多个部分,如:上腔襞、下腔襞、月形襞及主襞等[ 5] :116 。腔襞有“闭板”及“腔襞板”(clausilium slides )将其封闭:“闭板”是附生于壳轴 的板状构造,而腔襞板则是壳内壁的板状突起[ 5] :116 ,由壳壁折叠而形成。
本科物种的染色体 的单倍体 介乎21到30之间[ 7] :139,142 。
本科的模式属 是烟管蜗牛属 (Clausilia Draparnaud , 1805 )。
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 》,本科是弯尿道类 非正式群组的成员[ 8] ,而这个群组在2010年的修订被归类为泛有肺类 真有肺类 演化支 的成员[ 9] 。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类 》,曲尿道类支序和泛有肺类都不再使用[ 10] 。
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 》,本科包括下列各亚科:
烟管蜗牛亚科 Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981[ 11]
斜管螺亚科 Garnieriinae C.R. Boettger, 1926
斜管螺族 Garnieriini C.R. Boettger, 1926
伞管螺族 Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978[ 12]
tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985[ 13]
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
根据2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类 》,烟管蜗牛科是柄眼目 旋蜗牛亚目 烟管蜗牛下目 之下的烟管蜗牛总科 的成员。本科之下的亚科从过往的11个亚科缩减至8个亚科21个族,分别如下:
Subfamily Alopiinae A.J. Wagner, 1913
Tribe Alopiini A.J. Wagner, 1913
Tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923)
Tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956
Tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
Subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
斜管螺亚科 Garnieriinae C.R. Boettger, 1926
Subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
Subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
Subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923
Subfamily Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005
管螺亚科 Phaedusinae A.J. Wagner, 1922
管螺族 Phaedusini A.J. Wagner, 1922
Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
烟管蜗牛亚科 (Clausiliinae Gray, 1855)包括以下两族:
烟管蜗牛族 (Clausiliini )
烟管蜗牛属 Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805,烟管螺属 - with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977[ 14]
Erjavecia Brusina, 1870[ 14]
Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus [ 14]
Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963[ 14]
Macrogastra Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: Macrogastra , Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867[ 14]
Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973[ 14]
Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920[ 14]
Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: Pseudofusulus varians [ 14]
Ruthenica Lindholm, 1924[ 14]
族 Gracillariini
Graciliaria Bielz, 1867[ 15]
族 Alopiini
Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
Triloba Vest, 1867
族 Cochlodinini
Cochlodina A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina ; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
族 Delimini
Barcania Brandt, 1956
Charpentieria Stabille, 1864 - with four subgenera: Charpentieria ; Gibbularia Monterosato, 1908; Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1877; Siciliaria Vest, 1867 and Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima ; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
Dilataria Vest, 1867
Papillifera Hartmann, 1842
族 Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
Albinaria Vest, 1867 - also include former genera Carinigera Moellendorff, 1873; Cristataria Vest, 1867; Isabellaria Vest, 1867; Sericata O. Boettger, 1878.
Inchoatia Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006[ 17]
Lampedusa - with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
Muticaria Lindholm, 1925
Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
tribe Montenegrinini
Montenegrina O. Boettger, 1877
Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921
Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
Balea J. E. Gray, 1824
Bulgarica O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica , Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
Menissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:
† Constricta ( snail) Constricta [[O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily[ 8] ]]
斜管螺亚科 (Garnieriinae )包括下列各属:
饰管螺属 Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
斜管螺属 Grandinenia H. Minato & C. Chen, 1984[ 18]
Indonenia Ehrmann, 1927
Megalauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002
伞管螺属 Tropidauchenia small [[Lindholm, 1924
Tropidauchenia subsp. Euryauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
Tropidauchenia subsp. Tropidauchenia ]]
Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:
tribe † Eualopiini
† Eualopia O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily[ 8]
tribe † Rillyini
† Rillya Munier-Chalmas [in P. Fischer], 1883 - type genus of the tribe[ 8]
Laminifera O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae.[ 8] Its type species is fossil.[ 8] (Actual status of the genus?)
Bofilliella Ehrmann, 1927
Neniatlanta Bouguignat, 1876
Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - 有4个亚属:Acrotoma , Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - 有2个亚属: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
Boettgeria O. Boettger, 1863 - 有2个亚属:Boettgeria and Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - 有4个亚属:Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
Galeata O. Boettger, 1877
Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
Kazancia Neubert, 1992 - 有2个亚属:Kazancia and Lasica Neubert, 1995
Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
Olympicola Hesse, 1916
Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877
Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994
大口管螺亚科 (Neniinae Ehrmann, 1927 )主要分布于南美洲,但亦有少数分布于中国南部、南亚及东南亚,包括以下各属[ 19] :
Andinia Polinski, 1922
Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
Bequaertinenia Weyrauch, 1964 - 有2个亚属:Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
Columbinia Polinski, 1924 - 有3个亚属:Columbinia ; Paranenia Rehder, 1939 and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926
Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
Gonionenia Pilsbry, 1926
Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - 有2个亚属:Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
Incania Polinski, 1922
Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
大口管螺属 Nenia H. & A. Adams, 1855
Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
Neniops Pilsbry, 1926
Nenisca Rehder, 1939
Parabalea Ancey, 1882
Peruinia Polinski, 1922
Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957
管螺亚科 (Phaedusinae Thiele, 1931 )包括以下各属[ 20] :
管螺族 Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
纺锤管螺属 Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927
棒管螺属 Bacillophaedusa Grego & Szekeres, 2011
深褶螺属 Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925
Castanophaedusa Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
高管螺属 Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
张管螺属 Changphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
道管螺属 Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924
真管螺属 Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
丽管螺属 Formosana O. Boettger, 1877
小丽管螺属 Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003
福管螺属 Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
拟管螺属 Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Juttingia Loosjes, 1965
Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
Macrophaedusa Möllendorff, 1883
Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Messageriella Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
凑管螺属 Minatoia Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2016
Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
Musaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2018
小管螺属 Nannophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2012
Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927
卵旋螺属 Oospira W. T. Blanford, 1872
乳突管螺属 Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
Paraphaedusa O. Boettger, 1899
管螺属 Phaedusa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 - 有4个亚属:后管螺亚属 (Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001); Phaedusa ; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984 和 Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
鼻管螺属 Probosciphaedusa Z.-Y. Chen, 2021
复管螺属 Reinia Kobelt, 1876
月管螺属 Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
锯管螺属 Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
华管螺属 Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
Solitariphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
扭管螺属 Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
Taiwanphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
Tosaphaedusa Ehrmann, 1929
Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
tribe Megalophaedusini
Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927[ 21]
Oospira Blanford, 1872[ 21] - 有5个亚属:Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927; Formosana O. Boettger, 1877; Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira ; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - 有2个亚属:Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 和褶管螺属 ( Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900)
未定族 ?
棘管螺属 Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925,有3个亚属:深褶螺亚属(Bathyptychia ); 短褶螺亚属(Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001)和缩唇管螺亚属 (Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001)
Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877,有3个亚属:Cylindrophaedusa 和山管螺亚属 (Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002)
Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924,有2个亚属:Dautzenbergiella 和 曼管螺亚属 (Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003)
Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905
真管螺属 Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877[ 22] : - with five subgenera: 齿管螺亚属 (Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003); Euphaedusa ; Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; 陶管螺亚属 (Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003)和标管螺亚属 (Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003):又名小烟管蜗牛属 。
Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
拟管螺属 Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877:有10个亚属: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa ; 似拟管螺亚属 (Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001); 拟褶管螺亚属 (Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905); 迷管螺属 Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; 珠管螺精致属 (Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001); Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994 和 Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906
Juttingia Loosjes, 1965,有2个亚属:Juttingia 和 Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927
油亮管螺属 Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry, 1901,有2个亚属:Luchuphaedusa 和 Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
长管螺属 Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
小长管螺属 Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877,有4个亚属:Megalophaedusa ; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 和 Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (Neophaedusa]]是 Megalophaedusa的异名)。[ 23]
Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
奇管螺属 Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905
Paraphedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998
Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981
Reinia Kobelt, 1876,有3个亚属:Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 和 Reinia
Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973
Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
锯管螺属 Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
瘤管螺属 Synprosphyma Germain, 1919,有2个亚属:弃旋螺亚属 (Excussispira Lindholm, 1925)和 Synprosphyma
Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901,有2个亚属: Aulacophaedusa Azuma, 1982 和 Tyrannophaedusa
Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930
Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927
Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
Pontophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
Serrulina Mousson, 1873
Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984
Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994
Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000,有两个亚属: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 和 Tsoukatosia
Cotyorica Grego & Szekeres, 2017
Cotyorica nemethi Grego & Szekeres, 2017[ 24]
尽管非海洋软体动物当中本科物种看似易危[ 25] ,但在《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录 》只有9个本科的物种被列入名录内[ 26] 。
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皱纹岛管螺 . 科学数据库-中国动物主题数据库-中国动物物种编目数据库. [2018-06-11 ] . (原始内容存档 于2018-06-12) (中文(简体)) .
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