潜望镜(Periscope),是一种利用光线反射原理所制作的光学仪器,最常被用在潜水艇用以在水下观察水面上的动静。曾在堑壕战中被用来从壕沟观察敌军动态。潜望镜并非只有军事用途,过往双层巴士亦有装置潜望镜,让坐在下层的司机可观察上层的情况,双层巴士的潜望镜至2000年代才逐渐由闭路电视取代[1]。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Handheld_periscope.png/320px-Handheld_periscope.png)
1 - Eyepiece
2 - Diagonal prism
3 - Handle
4 - 6 - Erecting lenses
5 - Periscope tube
7 - Field lens
8 - Lens
9 - Head diagonal prism
10 - Window
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Simpleperiscopes.png/640px-Simpleperiscopes.png)
Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors.
B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6 - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Periscope_1.png/640px-Periscope_1.png)
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Submarine monocular attack periscope.
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Zeiss submarine periscope optical design.
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图片
海军使用潜望镜
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Officer at periscope in control room of a U.S. Navy submarine in World War II. The officer pictured is Captain Raymond W. Alexander, Sr. and the photo was taken in 1942.
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Submarine monocular attack periscope
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Torpedoed Japanese destroyer Yamakaze photographed through periscope of USS Nautilus( USS Nautilus (SS-168)), 25 June 1942.
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