滴液猪笼草

滴液猪笼草
	产自斯里兰卡辛哈拉加森林保护区的滴液猪笼草的上位笼
保护状况
	; 易危（IUCN 2.3）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae
属：	猪笼草属 Nepenthes
种：	滴液猪笼草 N. distillatoria
二名法
	Nepenthes distillatoria; L., 1753
	滴液猪笼草的分布地
异名
	同物异名 Bandura zeylanica; Burm. ex Brongn. (1824)nom.illeg.; Nepenthes chapmanii; N.P.Balakr. (1970); Nepenthes destillatoria; Beck (1895);; Danser (1928)sphalm.typogr.; Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens; W.G.Sm. (1882); Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens rubra; auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1892); Nepenthes indica; Poir. (1797) nom.illeg.; Nepenthes rubra; auct. non Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1886); Nepenthes smithii; Beck (1895) nom.illeg.; Nepenthes speciosa; Hort. ex Beck (1895)nom.illeg.; Nepenthes trichocarpa; auct. non Miq.: Hort. ex Hort.Bednar in sched. (1993); Nepenthes zeylanica; (Burm. ex Brongn.) Raf. (1836); Nepenthes zeylanica var. rubra; (auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols.) Veitch ex Wilson (1877); ; 异物同名 Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Brion (1855); [=N. madagascariensis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Jack (1835); [=N. gracilis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Jeann. (1894); [=N. vieillardii]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: R.Grah. (1827); [=N. khasiana]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Steud. (1841); [=N. mirabilis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Wall. (1828); [=N. distillatoria/N. gracilis]; ; 前林奈名 "Badura. Planta Zeylanica in foliorum extremo folliculum peniformem expansum habens."; Herm. (1726); "Bandura. Planta Zeylanica, cujus foliorum extremus folliculus peniformis expendet."; Herm. (1726); "Bandura cingalensium"; Ray (1686); "Bandura Zeylanica"; Burm. (1737); "Bandura zingalensium"; Breyne (1680); Miranda herba"; Bartholinus (1677); "Nepenthes Zeylanicum flore minore"; Breyne (1689); "Planta mirabilis destillatoria"; H.N.Grimm (1683); "Utricaria vegetabilis Zeylanensium, Bandura Cingalibus dicta"; Pluk. (1696); ;

滴液猪笼草（学名：Nepenthes distillatoria）是斯里兰卡特有的的热带食虫植物。其为第二个被描述的猪笼草属物种，并且是首个正式命名于林奈分类法下的猪笼草属物种。其还为猪笼草属的模式种。其种加词“distillatoria”来源于拉丁文“destillo”和形容词词尾“-oria”，意为“提取的、蒸馏的”。

Quick Facts 滴液猪笼草, 保护状况 ...

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植物学史

滴液猪笼草是自马达加斯加猪笼草（N. madagascariensis）之后第二个被描述的猪笼草属物种。1677年，丹麦医生托马斯·巴托林（Thomas Bartholin）简要的描述了它，并将其命名为“Miranda herba”，意为“奇妙的药草”。^[12]三年后，荷兰商人雅各布·布雷纳（Jacob Breyne）依当地俗名将其命名为“Bandura zingalensium”。^[11]随后“Bandura”便成为了之后指代猪笼草最常用的名字，直至1737年，卡尔·林奈建立了猪笼草属。 ^[14]

1683年，瑞典医生及博物学家赫尔曼·尼克拉斯·格里姆（Herman Niklas Grim.^[13]）再次描述了滴液猪笼草。^[13]他将其称为“奇异的滴液植物（Planta mirabilis destillatoria）”。这是第一次有人清楚的描述了猪笼草。^[14]三年后，即1686年，英国博物学家约翰·雷援引格林的话说：^{[注 1]}^[9]

“

由于太阳光的照射，地面的水气升腾并凝结在植株上，水滴随着茎和叶流入了笼内。（翻译自拉丁文，见《婆罗洲的猪笼草》^[14]）

”

1753年，卡尔·林奈使用H·N·格林原种加词命名了滴液猪笼草。

1737年，约翰内斯·布尔曼（Johannes Burmann）再次在其著作《Thesaurus Zeylanicus》中对滴液猪笼草进行了描述。文中包括一幅带捕虫笼和花序枝条的插图。布尔曼将滴液猪笼草命名为“Bandura zeylanica”。^[10]

19世纪后期的园艺贸易中，滴液猪笼草也常与印度猪笼草（N. khasiana）混淆。^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

生态关系

滴液猪笼草是斯里兰卡特有的物种，也是唯一分布于该岛的猪笼草属物种。其生长于河堤或森林里浸水的开阔灌木丛中。滴液猪笼草存在于海拔0至700米处。^[1]

由于地理隔离，尚未发现滴液猪笼草的自然杂交种。

种下类群

已有三个滴液猪笼草种下类群的描述，但其名称都不是有效的：

Nepenthes distillatoria var. rubra (Nichols.) Hort.Veitch ex Lindsay (1891)
Nepenthes distillatoria var. speciosa Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869)
Nepenthes distillatoria var. vera D.Moore (1872)^[20]

注释

[注 1]

约翰·雷叙述的原文：

“

The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs.

”

参考文献

[1]
Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba. Nepenthes distillatoria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [6 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).
[2]
（法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.
[3]
（德文） Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.
[4]
Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
[5]
Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.
[6]
[Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.
[7]
（拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.
[8]
（拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.
[9]
Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.
[10]
Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.
[11]
Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.
[12]
Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.
[13]
Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.
[14]
Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
[15]
Paxton, J. 1838. Nepenthes distillatoria. Paxton's Magazine of Botany 4: 1–4.
[16]
Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
[17]
Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.
[18]
Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
[19]
Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
[20]
Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

[Anonymous] 1849. Societies. Botanical of Edinburgh, July 12. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1849(30): 470–471.
[Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
Amaratunga, K.L.D. 1980. Nepenthaceae. In: M.D. Dassanayake & F.R. Fosberg (eds.) A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Volume 6. Taylor & Francis, London. pp. 241–244.
（意大利文） Arcangeli, G. 1893. Sopra l'infiorescenza di una pianta di Nepenthes Archive.is的存档，存档日期2013-01-06. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 25: 511–512.
Athauda, S.B.P., H. Inoue, A. Iwamatsu & K. Takahashi 1998. Acid Proteinase from Nepenthes distillatoria (Badura) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In: M.N.G. James (ed.) Aspartic Proteinases: Retroviral and Cellular Enzymes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 436. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 453–458.
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Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
DeFilipps, R.A. 1998. A digression upon James Taplin, Nepenthes hybridizer (Nepenthaceae) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(4): 104–109.
De Luna, M. 1964. Nepenthes distillatoria. British Homeopathic Journal 53(4): 266–267. doi:10.1016/S0007-0785(64)80047-8
（法文） Gode, L. 1987. Découverte de Nepenthes distillatoria （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Dionée 10.
（德文） Guenther, K. 1913. Die lebenden Bewohner der Kannen der insektenfressenden Pflanze Nepenthes destillatoria auf Ceylon. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 9: 122–130, 156–160, 198–207.
Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
Jinasena, D., S. Rajapakse, P. Samaraweera & S.B.P. Athauda 2008. Preliminary characterization of phosphatase activity in the crude pitcher fluid of Nepenthes distillatoria (bandura). In: H. Goonatilake (ed.) Proceedings of the 64th Annual Sessions: Part I - Abstracts.PDF Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Colombo. p. 147.
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（印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
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（德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
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（德文） Oudemans, A.C. 1915. Anoetus guentheri nov. sp.. In: Guenther, K. Die lebenden Bewohner der Kannen der insektenfressenden Pflanze Nepenthes distillatoria auf Ceylon. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 11: 242–243.
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（德文） Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Kanne (pitcher): Was ist das? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） bio-schmidhol.ch.
（德文） Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes distillatoria: Form und Bau der Kannen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. bio-schmidhol.ch.
（德文） Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes distillatoria: Haare (Trichome) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. bio-schmidhol.ch.
（德文） Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes distillatoria: Blütenhülle (Perianth) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. bio-schmidhol.ch.
（德文） Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes distillatoria: Blütenstände （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. bio-schmidhol.ch.
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扩展阅读

食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中滴液猪笼草的照片（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：滴液猪笼草维基物种上的相关信息：滴液猪笼草

[Ray-16] [注 1]
约翰·雷叙述的原文：

“ The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs. ”

[iucn-1] [1]
Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba. Nepenthes distillatoria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [6 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).

[2] [2]
（法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.

[Beck-3] [3]
（德文） Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.

[Danser-4] [4]
Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.

[5] [5]
Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.

[6] [6]
[Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.

[7] [7]
（拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.

[8] [8]
（拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.

[Ray1686-9] [9]
Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.

[Burmann1737-10] [10]
Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.

[Breyne1680-11] [11]
Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.

[Bartholin1677-12] [12]
Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.

[Grim1683-13] [13]
Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.

[P&L-14] [14]
Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[15] [15]
Paxton, J. 1838. Nepenthes distillatoria. Paxton's Magazine of Botany 4: 1–4.

[Masters16-17] [16]
Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.

[18] [17]
Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.

[19] [18]
Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.

[20] [19]
Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

[21] [20]
Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

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[13]

[14]

[15]

[注 1]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]