沼虾属 （学名 ：Macrobrachium 长臂虾科 的一个属 ，也是淡水虾中最大的一个属，所包含的种类多达200余种，其中也包含几种可能是最巨大的淡水虾类，如罗氏沼虾 （M. rosenbergii ）、M. faustinum 、M. carcinus 、M. malcolmsonii 、M. choprai 、M. vollenhovenii 、附刺沼虾 （M. spinipes ）以及贪食沼虾 （M. lar ），最大体型均超过15公分 。沼虾属分布广泛，七大洲 中，只有南极洲 没有沼虾属的踪迹。
贪食沼虾
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本属包括以下物种：[ 1]
Macrobrachium acanthochirus F. Villalobos, 1967
Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836)
Macrobrachium acherontium Holthuis, 1977
Macrobrachium adscitum Riek, 1951
Macrobrachium aemulum (Nobili, 1906)
Macrobrachium agwi Klotz, 2008
Macrobrachium ahkowi Chong & Khoo, 1987
Macrobrachium altifrons (Henderson, 1893)
Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium americanum Spence Bate, 1868
Macrobrachium amplimanus Cai & Dai, 1999
Macrobrachium andamanicum (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium aracamuni Rodríguez, 1982
粗糙沼虾 Macrobrachium asperulum (von Martens, 1868)，南海沼虾
Macrobrachium assamense (Tiwari, 1958)
Macrobrachium atabapense S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium atactum Riek, 1951
Macrobrachium auratum Short, 2004
澳洲沼虾 Macrobrachium australe (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium banjarae (Tiwari, 1958)
Macrobrachium bariense (De Man, 1892)
双线沼虾 Macrobrachium bilineare Q.Chen, W.Chen, Y.Hu, K.Ma & Z.Guo, 2021
Macrobrachium birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986
Macrobrachium birmanicum Schenkel, 1902
Macrobrachium bombajense Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006
Macrobrachium borellii (Nobili, 1896)
Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium brevicarpum Tan & Dong, 1996
Macrobrachium bullatum Fincham, 1987
Macrobrachium cacharense (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium caledonicum (Roux, 1926)
Macrobrachium callirrhoe (De Man, 1898)
Macrobrachium canarae (Tiwari, 1958)
Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Macrobrachium catonium H. H. Hobbs III & H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1995
Macrobrachium cavernicola (Kemp, 1924)
Macrobrachium chevalieri (Roux, 1935)
Macrobrachium clymene (De Man, 1902)
Macrobrachium cocoense Abele & W. Kim, 1984
Macrobrachium cosolapaense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011[ 2] Macrobrachium cortezi Rodríguez, 1982
Macrobrachium cowlesi Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium crebrum Abele & W. Kim, 1989
Macrobrachium crenulatum Holthuis, 1950
达氏沼虾 Macrobrachium dacqueti (Sunier, 1925)，为Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)的异名
Macrobrachium dalatense Nguyên, 2003
Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893)
Macrobrachium denticulatum Ostrovski, Da Fonseca & Da Silva-Ferreira, 1996
Macrobrachium depressimanum S. Pereira, 1993
毛螯沼虾 Macrobrachium dienbienphuense Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972[ 3] Macrobrachium dierythrum S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium digitus Abele & W. Kim, 1989
Macrobrachium digueti (Bouvier, 1895)
Macrobrachium dolatum Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
Macrobrachium dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879)
东澳沼虾 Macrobrachium dongaoensis Chen & Chen & Guo 2018
都安盲沼虾 Macrobrachium duanensis Lan, Wu & Li, 2017
Macrobrachium duri Wowor & Ng, 2010
Macrobrachium dux (Lenz, 1910)
无齿沼虾 Macrobrachium edentatum Liang & Yan, 1986
Macrobrachium elatum Jayachandran, 1987
中性沼虾 Macrobrachium elegantum Pan, Hou & S. Li, 2010
Macrobrachium empulipke Wowor, 2010
等齿沼虾 Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852)[ 3] 绒掌沼虾 Macrobrachium esculentum (Thallwitz, 1891)
Macrobrachium faustinum (de Saussure, 1857)
Macrobrachium felicinum Holthuis, 1949
Macrobrachium ferreirai Kensley & Walker, 1982
Macrobrachium feunteuni Keith & Vigneux, 2002
Macrobrachium foai (Coutière, 1902)
Macrobrachium forcipatum Ng, 1995
台湾沼虾 Macrobrachium formosense Spence Bate, 1868
福建沼虾 Macrobrachium fukienense Liang & Yan, 1980
Macrobrachium gallus Holthuis, 1952
Macrobrachium gangeticum Spence Bate, 1868
Macrobrachium glabrum Holthuis, 1995
细额沼虾 Macrobrachium gracilirostre (Miers, 1875)
Macrobrachium grandimanus (Randall, 1840)
Macrobrachium gua Chong, 1989
广西沼虾 Macrobrachium guangxiense Liang & Yan, 1981
Macrobrachium gurudeve Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
海南沼虾 Macrobrachium hainanense (Parisi, 1919)
Macrobrachium hancocki Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium handschini (Roux, 1933)
Macrobrachium hendersodayanum (Tiwari, 1952)
韩氏沼虾 Macrobrachium hendersoni (De Man, 1906)
Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1836)
异额沼虾 Macrobrachium heterorhynchos Guo & He, 2008
Macrobrachium hildebrandti (Hilgendorf, 1893)
Macrobrachium hirsutimanus (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium hirtimanus (Olivier, 1811)
Macrobrachium hobbsi Villalobos Hiriart & Natees Rodriguez, 1990
Macrobrachium holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978
霍氏沼虾 Macrobrachium horstii (De Man, 1892)，郝氏沼虾
Macrobrachium idae (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf, 1898)
Macrobrachium iheringi (Ortmann, 1897)
Macrobrachium inca Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium indicum Jayachandran & Joseph, 1986
胖掌沼虾 Macrobrachium inflatum Liang & Yan, 1985
Macrobrachium inpa Kensley & Walker, 1982
海岛沼虾 Macrobrachium insulare (Parisi, 1919)
Macrobrachium irwini Kunjulakshmi, Santos & Prakash, 2022[ 4] Macrobrachium jacatepecense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011[ 2] Macrobrachium jacobsoni Holthuis, 1950
大和沼虾 Macrobrachium japonicum (De Haan, 1849)，和沼虾
嘉罗沼虾 Macrobrachium jaroense (Cowles, 1914)
Macrobrachium jayasreei Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877)[ 5] 江西沼虾 Macrobrachium jiangxiense Liang & Yan, 1985
Macrobrachium johnsoni Ravindranath, 1979
Macrobrachium joppae Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium kelianense Wowor & Short, 2007
Macrobrachium kempi (Tiwari, 1949)
Macrobrachium kistnense (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium kiukianense (Yu, 1931)
Macrobrachium koombooloomba Short, 2004
Macrobrachium koreana De Kwon, 1984
Macrobrachium kulkarnii Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006
Macrobrachium kunjuramani Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
Macrobrachium lamarrei H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
Macrobrachium lanatum Cai & Ng, 2002
Macrobrachium lanceifrons (Dana, 1852)
Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911)[ 3] 贪食沼虾 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798)
阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891)
宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus (von Martens, 1868)
光滑沼虾 Macrobrachium laevis Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2019
大屿沼虾 Macrobrachium lantau Chow, Chan & Tsang, 2022
贪食沼虾 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798)
阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891)
宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus von Martens, 1868，短腕沼虾
拟鳞指沼虾 Macrobrachium lepidactyloides (De Man, 1892)
Macrobrachium lepidactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879)
Macrobrachium leptodactylus (De Man, 1892)
Macrobrachium leucodactylus Wowor & Choy, 2001
凌云沼虾 Macrobrachium lingyunense J. Li, Cai & Clarke, 2006
Macrobrachium lopopodus Wowor & Choy, 2001
Macrobrachium lorentzi (Roux, 1921)
Macrobrachium lucifugum Holthuis, 1974
Macrobrachium lujae (De Man, 1912)
Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851)
斑节沼虾 Macrobrachium maculatum Liang & Yan, 1980
Macrobrachium madhusoodani Unnikrishnan, P. M. Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011
Macrobrachium malayanum (Roux, 1935)
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844)
乳指沼虾 Macrobrachium mammillodactylus (Thallwitz, 1892)
Macrobrachium manipurense (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium manningi Pereira & Lasso, 2007
Macrobrachium mazatecum Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011[ 2] 南方沼虾 Macrobrachium meridionale Liang & Yan, 1983
Macrobrachium michoacanus Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990
Macrobrachium microps Holthuis, 1978
Macrobrachium mieni Đăng, 1975
Macrobrachium minutum (Roux, 1917)
Macrobrachium miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005
Macrobrachium moorei (Calman, 1899)
Macrobrachium naiyanetri Siriwut[ 6] Macrobrachium naso (Kemp, 1918)
Macrobrachium nattereri (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium natulorum Holthuis, 1984
Macrobrachium neglectum (De Man, 1905)
Macrobrachium nepalense Kamita, 1974
Macrobrachium niloticum (Roux, 1833)
Macrobrachium niphanae Shokita & Takeda, 1989[ 3] 日本沼虾 Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson & Matthai, 1910)
Macrobrachium novaehollandiae (De Man, 1908)
Macrobrachium oaxacae Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011[ 2] Macrobrachium occidentale Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium oenone (De Man, 1902)
Macrobrachium ohione (Smith, 1874)
Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836)
Macrobrachium oxyphilus Ng, 1992
Macrobrachium palmopilosum Siriwut[ 6] Macrobrachium panamense Rathbun, 1912
Macrobrachium panhai Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024[ 7] Macrobrachium pantanalense dos Santos, Hayd & Anger, 2013[ 8] Macrobrachium patheinense Phone & Suzuki, 2004
Macrobrachium patsa (Coutière, 1899)
Macrobrachium pectinatum S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium peguense (Tiwari, 1952)
五纹沼虾 Macrobrachium pentazona He, Gao & Guo, 2009
Macrobrachium petersii (Hilgendorf, 1879)
Macrobrachium petiti (Roux, 1934)
Macrobrachium petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986
Macrobrachium phongnhaense (Tu & Cuong, 2015)
Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879)
Macrobrachium pilosum Cai & Dai, 1999
热带沼虾 Macrobrachium placidulum (De Man, 1892)
Macrobrachium placidum (De Man, 1892)
Macrobrachium platycheles Ou & Yeo, 1995
Macrobrachium platyrostris (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium poeti Holthuis, 1984
Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880)
Macrobrachium praecox (Roux, 1928)
Macrobrachium puberimanus Siriwut[ 6] Macrobrachium pumilum S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium purpureamanus Wowor, 1999
Macrobrachium quelchi (De Man, 1900)
Macrobrachium raridens (Hilgendorf, 1893)
Macrobrachium rathbunae Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium reyesi S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium rhodochir Ng, 1995
Macrobrachium rodriguezi S. Pereira, 1986
Macrobrachium rogersi (Tiwari, 1952)
淡水长臂大虾 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)，罗氏沼虾
Macrobrachium rostratum X. Wang, 1997
Macrobrachium rostrolevatus Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024[ 7] Macrobrachium rude (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium sabanus Ng, 1994
Macrobrachium saengphani Saengphan, Panijpan, Senapin, Suksomnit & Phiwsaiya, 2020[ 9] Macrobrachium saigonense Nguyên, 2006
Macrobrachium sankolli Jalihal & Shenoy in Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
Macrobrachium santanderensis Garcia-Perez & Villamizar, 2009
Macrobrachium sbordonii Mejía-Ortíz, Baldari & López-Mejía, 2008
糙指沼虾 Macrobrachium scabriculum (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium scorteccii Maccagno, 1961
邵氏沼虾 Macrobrachium shaoi Cai & Jeng, 2001
Macrobrachium shokitai Fujino & Baba, 1973
Macrobrachium sintangense (De Man, 1898)[ 3] Macrobrachium sirindhorn Naiyanetr, 2001
Macrobrachium siwalikense (Tiwari, 1952)
Macrobrachium sollaudii (De Man, 1912)
Macrobrachium spelaeus Cai & Vidthayanon, 2016 [ 10] 附刺沼虾 Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902)[ 11] Macrobrachium spinosum Cai & Ng, 2001
Macrobrachium srilankense Costa, 1979
Macrobrachium striatum N. N. Pillai, 1991
Macrobrachium sulcatus (Henderson & Matthai, 1910)
Macrobrachium sulcicarpale Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium sundaicum (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium suongae Nguyên, 2003
细螯沼虾 Macrobrachium superbum (Heller, 1862)
Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948
Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871)
细足沼虾 Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhou, Chen, Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2020[ 12] Macrobrachium tenuirostrum X. Wang, 1997
Macrobrachium thai Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
Macrobrachium therezieni Holthuis, 1965
Macrobrachium thuylami Nguyên, 2006
Macrobrachium thysi Powell, 1980
Macrobrachium tiwarii Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
Macrobrachium tolmerum Riek, 1951
Macrobrachium totonacum Mejía, Alvarez & Hartnoll, 2003
Macrobrachium transandicum Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium tratense Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
毛指沼虾 Macrobrachium trichodactylum Liang, Liu & Chen in Li, Liu, Liang & Chen, 2007
Macrobrachium tuxtlaense Villalobos & Alvarez, 1999
Macrobrachium unikarnatakae Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
Macrobrachium urayang Wowor & Short, 2007
Macrobrachium veliense Jayachandran & Joseph, 1985
美丽沼虾 Macrobrachium venustum (Parisi, 1919)
Macrobrachium vicconi Román, Ortega & Mejía, 2000
越南沼虾 Macrobrachium vietnamiense Đăng in Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972
Macrobrachium villalobosi H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1973
Macrobrachium villosimanus (Tiwari, 1949)
Macrobrachium vollenhoveni (Herklots, 1857)
Macrobrachium walvanense Almelkar, Jalihal & Sankolli, 1999
Macrobrachium wannanense Dai & Tan, 1993
Macrobrachium weberi (De Man, 1892)
Macrobrachium xmas Fujita, Davie & Ng.,2015[ 13] 喻氏沼虾 Macrobrachium yui Holthuis, 1950
Macrobrachium zariquieyi Holthuis, 1949
Luis M. Mejía-Ortíz & Marilú López-Mejía. Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) with abbreviated development from the Papaloapan River Basin, Veracruz, Mexico: distribution and new species. Crustaceana . 2011, 84 (8): 949–973. doi:10.1163/001121611X579754 Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun, Peng Bun Ngor and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2021. Evidence of Cryptic Diversity in Freshwater Macrobrachium Prawns from Indochinese Riverine Systems revealed by DNA Barcode, Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Approaches. PLoS ONE. 16(6): e0252546. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252546
K. Kunjulakshmi, MacLean Antony Santos and S. Prakash. 2022. Macrobrachium irwini sp. nov., A New Species of Freshwater Shrimp from Western Ghats, India (Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 5194(3); 416-425. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.5
Ana Luiza Vera-Silva, Fabrício L. Carvalho and Fernando Luis Mantelatto. 2017. Redescription of the Freshwater Shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) (Caridea, Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 4269(1); 44–60. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.2
Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2020. Molecular Phylogeny and Species Delimitation of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium pilimanus Species Group, with Descriptions of Three New Species from Thailand. PeerJ. 8:e10137. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10137
Apisara Chaowvieng, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ratmanee Chanabun, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul and Warut Siriwut. 2024. Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911), with Descriptions of Two New Species from Thailand (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae). ZooKeys. 1190: 163-193. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.113898
Antonina dos Santos, Liliam Hayd & Klaus Anger. A new species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) M. pantanalense, from the Pantanal, Brazil. Zootaxa . 2013, 3700 (4): 534–546. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.4.2 Nukul Saengphan, Bhinyo Panijpan, Saengchan Senapin, Auaree Suksomnit and Kornsunee Phiwsaiya. 2020. Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Macrobrachium saengphani sp. nov. (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Northern Thailand. Zootaxa. 4868(4); 531–542. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.4.4
Yixiong Cai and Chavalit Vidthayanon. 2016. Macrobrachium spelaeus, A New Species of Stygobitic Freshwater Prawn from Thailand (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 64: 117–122.
Shy, J.Y., Wowor, D. and Ng, P.K.L. 2013. A New Record of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with notes on its taxonomy. Zootaxa. 3734(1): 45-55. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.1.5 Xiao-Ping Zhou, Qing-Hua Chen, Xiao-Zhuang Zheng, Wen-Jian Chen and Zhao-Liang Guo. 2020. Macrobrachium tenuipes, A New Stygophile Freshwater Prawn Species (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from A Karst Cave of Guangxi, southwestern China. Zootaxa. 4759(4); 511–529. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.3
Yoshihisa Fujita, Peter J. F. Davie and Peter K. L. Ng. 2015. A New Stygobitic Prawn of the Genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1864, from Anchialine Caves in Christmas Island, Indian Ocean; with A Rediagnosis of M. miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 63: 610–625.
