沼虾属

沼虾属（学名：Macrobrachium）是长臂虾科的一个属，也是淡水虾中最大的一个属，所包含的种类多达200余种，其中也包含几种可能是最巨大的淡水虾类，如罗氏沼虾（M. rosenbergii）、M. faustinum、M. carcinus、M. malcolmsonii、M. choprai、M. vollenhovenii、附刺沼虾（M. spinipes）以及贪食沼虾（M. lar），最大体型均超过15公分。沼虾属分布广泛，七大洲中，只有南极洲没有沼虾属的踪迹。

贪食沼虾

沼虾属
淡水长臂大虾
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门：	甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲：	软甲纲 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亚目：	腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目：	真虾下目 Caridea
科：	长臂虾科 Palaemonidae
属：	沼虾属 Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868
物种
见内文

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[1]

• Macrobrachium acanthochirus F. Villalobos, 1967
• Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836)
• Macrobrachium acherontium Holthuis, 1977
• Macrobrachium adscitum Riek, 1951
• Macrobrachium aemulum (Nobili, 1906)
• Macrobrachium agwi Klotz, 2008
• Macrobrachium ahkowi Chong & Khoo, 1987
• Macrobrachium altifrons (Henderson, 1893)
• Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium americanum Spence Bate, 1868
• Macrobrachium amplimanus Cai & Dai, 1999
• Macrobrachium andamanicum (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium aracamuni Rodríguez, 1982
• 粗糙沼虾 Macrobrachium asperulum (von Martens, 1868)，南海沼虾
• Macrobrachium assamense (Tiwari, 1958)
• Macrobrachium atabapense S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium atactum Riek, 1951
• Macrobrachium auratum Short, 2004
• 澳洲沼虾 Macrobrachium australe (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
• Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium banjarae (Tiwari, 1958)
• Macrobrachium bariense (De Man, 1892)
• 双线沼虾 Macrobrachium bilineare Q.Chen, W.Chen, Y.Hu, K.Ma & Z.Guo, 2021
• Macrobrachium birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986
• Macrobrachium birmanicum Schenkel, 1902
• Macrobrachium bombajense Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006
• Macrobrachium borellii (Nobili, 1896)
• Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium brevicarpum Tan & Dong, 1996
• Macrobrachium bullatum Fincham, 1987
• Macrobrachium cacharense (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium caledonicum (Roux, 1926)
• Macrobrachium callirrhoe (De Man, 1898)
• Macrobrachium canarae (Tiwari, 1958)
• Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Macrobrachium catonium H. H. Hobbs III & H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1995
• Macrobrachium cavernicola (Kemp, 1924)
• Macrobrachium chevalieri (Roux, 1935)
• Macrobrachium clymene (De Man, 1902)
• Macrobrachium cocoense Abele & W. Kim, 1984
• Macrobrachium cosolapaense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011^[2]
• Macrobrachium cortezi Rodríguez, 1982
• Macrobrachium cowlesi Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium crebrum Abele & W. Kim, 1989
• Macrobrachium crenulatum Holthuis, 1950
• 达氏沼虾 Macrobrachium dacqueti (Sunier, 1925)，为Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)的异名
• Macrobrachium dalatense Nguyên, 2003
• Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893)
• Macrobrachium denticulatum Ostrovski, Da Fonseca & Da Silva-Ferreira, 1996
• Macrobrachium depressimanum S. Pereira, 1993
• 毛螯沼虾 Macrobrachium dienbienphuense Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972^[3]
• Macrobrachium dierythrum S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium digitus Abele & W. Kim, 1989
• Macrobrachium digueti (Bouvier, 1895)
• Macrobrachium dolatum Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
• Macrobrachium dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879)
• 东澳沼虾 Macrobrachium dongaoensis Chen & Chen & Guo 2018
• 都安盲沼虾 Macrobrachium duanensis Lan, Wu & Li, 2017
• Macrobrachium duri Wowor & Ng, 2010
• Macrobrachium dux (Lenz, 1910)
• 无齿沼虾 Macrobrachium edentatum Liang & Yan, 1986
• Macrobrachium elatum Jayachandran, 1987
• 中性沼虾 Macrobrachium elegantum Pan, Hou & S. Li, 2010
• Macrobrachium empulipke Wowor, 2010
• 等齿沼虾 Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852)^[3]
• 绒掌沼虾 Macrobrachium esculentum (Thallwitz, 1891)
• Macrobrachium faustinum (de Saussure, 1857)
• Macrobrachium felicinum Holthuis, 1949
• Macrobrachium ferreirai Kensley & Walker, 1982
• Macrobrachium feunteuni Keith & Vigneux, 2002
• Macrobrachium foai (Coutière, 1902)
• Macrobrachium forcipatum Ng, 1995
• 台湾沼虾 Macrobrachium formosense Spence Bate, 1868
• 福建沼虾 Macrobrachium fukienense Liang & Yan, 1980
• Macrobrachium gallus Holthuis, 1952
• Macrobrachium gangeticum Spence Bate, 1868
• Macrobrachium glabrum Holthuis, 1995
• 细额沼虾 Macrobrachium gracilirostre (Miers, 1875)
• Macrobrachium grandimanus (Randall, 1840)
• Macrobrachium gua Chong, 1989
• 广西沼虾 Macrobrachium guangxiense Liang & Yan, 1981
• Macrobrachium gurudeve Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
• 海南沼虾 Macrobrachium hainanense (Parisi, 1919)
• Macrobrachium hancocki Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium handschini (Roux, 1933)
• Macrobrachium hendersodayanum (Tiwari, 1952)
• 韩氏沼虾 Macrobrachium hendersoni (De Man, 1906)
• Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1836)
• 异额沼虾 Macrobrachium heterorhynchos Guo & He, 2008
• Macrobrachium hildebrandti (Hilgendorf, 1893)
• Macrobrachium hirsutimanus (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium hirtimanus (Olivier, 1811)
• Macrobrachium hobbsi Villalobos Hiriart & Natees Rodriguez, 1990
• Macrobrachium holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978
• 霍氏沼虾 Macrobrachium horstii (De Man, 1892)，郝氏沼虾
• Macrobrachium idae (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf, 1898)
• Macrobrachium iheringi (Ortmann, 1897)
• Macrobrachium inca Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium indicum Jayachandran & Joseph, 1986
• 胖掌沼虾 Macrobrachium inflatum Liang & Yan, 1985
• Macrobrachium inpa Kensley & Walker, 1982
• 海岛沼虾 Macrobrachium insulare (Parisi, 1919)
• Macrobrachium irwini Kunjulakshmi, Santos & Prakash, 2022^[4]
• Macrobrachium jacatepecense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011^[2]
• Macrobrachium jacobsoni Holthuis, 1950
• 大和沼虾 Macrobrachium japonicum (De Haan, 1849)，和沼虾
• 嘉罗沼虾 Macrobrachium jaroense (Cowles, 1914)
• Macrobrachium jayasreei Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
• Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877)^[5]
• 江西沼虾 Macrobrachium jiangxiense Liang & Yan, 1985
• Macrobrachium johnsoni Ravindranath, 1979
• Macrobrachium joppae Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium kelianense Wowor & Short, 2007
• Macrobrachium kempi (Tiwari, 1949)
• Macrobrachium kistnense (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium kiukianense (Yu, 1931)
• Macrobrachium koombooloomba Short, 2004
• Macrobrachium koreana De Kwon, 1984
• Macrobrachium kulkarnii Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006
• Macrobrachium kunjuramani Jayachandran & Raji, 2005
• Macrobrachium lamarrei H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
• Macrobrachium lanatum Cai & Ng, 2002
• Macrobrachium lanceifrons (Dana, 1852)
• Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911)^[3]
• 贪食沼虾 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798)
• 阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891)
• 宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus (von Martens, 1868)
• 光滑沼虾 Macrobrachium laevis Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2019
• 大屿沼虾 Macrobrachium lantau Chow, Chan & Tsang, 2022
• 贪食沼虾 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798)
• 阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891)
• 宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus von Martens, 1868，短腕沼虾
• 拟鳞指沼虾 Macrobrachium lepidactyloides (De Man, 1892)
• Macrobrachium lepidactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879)
• Macrobrachium leptodactylus (De Man, 1892)
• Macrobrachium leucodactylus Wowor & Choy, 2001
• 凌云沼虾 Macrobrachium lingyunense J. Li, Cai & Clarke, 2006
• Macrobrachium lopopodus Wowor & Choy, 2001
• Macrobrachium lorentzi (Roux, 1921)
• Macrobrachium lucifugum Holthuis, 1974
• Macrobrachium lujae (De Man, 1912)
• Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851)
• 斑节沼虾 Macrobrachium maculatum Liang & Yan, 1980
• Macrobrachium madhusoodani Unnikrishnan, P. M. Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011
• Macrobrachium malayanum (Roux, 1935)
• Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844)
• 乳指沼虾 Macrobrachium mammillodactylus (Thallwitz, 1892)
• Macrobrachium manipurense (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium manningi Pereira & Lasso, 2007
• Macrobrachium mazatecum Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011^[2]
• 南方沼虾 Macrobrachium meridionale Liang & Yan, 1983
• Macrobrachium michoacanus Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990
• Macrobrachium microps Holthuis, 1978
• Macrobrachium mieni Đăng, 1975
• Macrobrachium minutum (Roux, 1917)
• Macrobrachium miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005
• Macrobrachium moorei (Calman, 1899)
• Macrobrachium naiyanetri Siriwut^[6]
• Macrobrachium naso (Kemp, 1918)
• Macrobrachium nattereri (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium natulorum Holthuis, 1984
• Macrobrachium neglectum (De Man, 1905)
• Macrobrachium nepalense Kamita, 1974
• Macrobrachium niloticum (Roux, 1833)
• Macrobrachium niphanae Shokita & Takeda, 1989^[3]
• 日本沼虾 Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
• Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson & Matthai, 1910)
• Macrobrachium novaehollandiae (De Man, 1908)
• Macrobrachium oaxacae Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011^[2]
• Macrobrachium occidentale Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium oenone (De Man, 1902)
• Macrobrachium ohione (Smith, 1874)
• Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836)
• Macrobrachium oxyphilus Ng, 1992
• Macrobrachium palmopilosum Siriwut^[6]
• Macrobrachium panamense Rathbun, 1912
• Macrobrachium panhai Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024^[7]
• Macrobrachium pantanalense dos Santos, Hayd & Anger, 2013^[8]
• Macrobrachium patheinense Phone & Suzuki, 2004
• Macrobrachium patsa (Coutière, 1899)
• Macrobrachium pectinatum S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium peguense (Tiwari, 1952)
• 五纹沼虾 Macrobrachium pentazona He, Gao & Guo, 2009
• Macrobrachium petersii (Hilgendorf, 1879)
• Macrobrachium petiti (Roux, 1934)
• Macrobrachium petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986
• Macrobrachium phongnhaense (Tu & Cuong, 2015)
• Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879)
• Macrobrachium pilosum Cai & Dai, 1999
• 热带沼虾 Macrobrachium placidulum (De Man, 1892)
• Macrobrachium placidum (De Man, 1892)
• Macrobrachium platycheles Ou & Yeo, 1995
• Macrobrachium platyrostris (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium poeti Holthuis, 1984
• Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880)
• Macrobrachium praecox (Roux, 1928)
• Macrobrachium puberimanus Siriwut^[6]
• Macrobrachium pumilum S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium purpureamanus Wowor, 1999
• Macrobrachium quelchi (De Man, 1900)
• Macrobrachium raridens (Hilgendorf, 1893)
• Macrobrachium rathbunae Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium reyesi S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium rhodochir Ng, 1995
• Macrobrachium rodriguezi S. Pereira, 1986
• Macrobrachium rogersi (Tiwari, 1952)
• 淡水长臂大虾 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)，罗氏沼虾
• Macrobrachium rostratum X. Wang, 1997
• Macrobrachium rostrolevatus Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024^[7]
• Macrobrachium rude (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium sabanus Ng, 1994
• Macrobrachium saengphani Saengphan, Panijpan, Senapin, Suksomnit & Phiwsaiya, 2020^[9]
• Macrobrachium saigonense Nguyên, 2006
• Macrobrachium sankolli Jalihal & Shenoy in Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
• Macrobrachium santanderensis Garcia-Perez & Villamizar, 2009
• Macrobrachium sbordonii Mejía-Ortíz, Baldari & López-Mejía, 2008
• 糙指沼虾 Macrobrachium scabriculum (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium scorteccii Maccagno, 1961
• 邵氏沼虾 Macrobrachium shaoi Cai & Jeng, 2001
• Macrobrachium shokitai Fujino & Baba, 1973
• Macrobrachium sintangense (De Man, 1898)^[3]
• Macrobrachium sirindhorn Naiyanetr, 2001
• Macrobrachium siwalikense (Tiwari, 1952)
• Macrobrachium sollaudii (De Man, 1912)
• Macrobrachium spelaeus Cai & Vidthayanon, 2016 ^[10]
• 附刺沼虾 Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902)^[11]，刺足沼虾
• Macrobrachium spinosum Cai & Ng, 2001
• Macrobrachium srilankense Costa, 1979
• Macrobrachium striatum N. N. Pillai, 1991
• Macrobrachium sulcatus (Henderson & Matthai, 1910)
• Macrobrachium sulcicarpale Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium sundaicum (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium suongae Nguyên, 2003
• 细螯沼虾 Macrobrachium superbum (Heller, 1862)
• Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948
• Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871)
• 细足沼虾 Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhou, Chen, Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2020^[12]
• Macrobrachium tenuirostrum X. Wang, 1997
• Macrobrachium thai Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
• Macrobrachium therezieni Holthuis, 1965
• Macrobrachium thuylami Nguyên, 2006
• Macrobrachium thysi Powell, 1980
• Macrobrachium tiwarii Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
• Macrobrachium tolmerum Riek, 1951
• Macrobrachium totonacum Mejía, Alvarez & Hartnoll, 2003
• Macrobrachium transandicum Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium tratense Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004
• 毛指沼虾 Macrobrachium trichodactylum Liang, Liu & Chen in Li, Liu, Liang & Chen, 2007
• Macrobrachium tuxtlaense Villalobos & Alvarez, 1999
• Macrobrachium unikarnatakae Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988
• Macrobrachium urayang Wowor & Short, 2007
• Macrobrachium veliense Jayachandran & Joseph, 1985
• 美丽沼虾 Macrobrachium venustum (Parisi, 1919)
• Macrobrachium vicconi Román, Ortega & Mejía, 2000
• 越南沼虾 Macrobrachium vietnamiense Đăng in Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972
• Macrobrachium villalobosi H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1973
• Macrobrachium villosimanus (Tiwari, 1949)
• Macrobrachium vollenhoveni (Herklots, 1857)
• Macrobrachium walvanense Almelkar, Jalihal & Sankolli, 1999
• Macrobrachium wannanense Dai & Tan, 1993
• Macrobrachium weberi (De Man, 1892)
• Macrobrachium xmas Fujita, Davie & Ng.,2015^[13]
• 喻氏沼虾 Macrobrachium yui Holthuis, 1950
• Macrobrachium zariquieyi Holthuis, 1949

参考文献

1. Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868. GBIF. [2023-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-16）.
2. Luis M. Mejía-Ortíz & Marilú López-Mejía. Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) with abbreviated development from the Papaloapan River Basin, Veracruz, Mexico: distribution and new species. Crustaceana. 2011, 84 (8): 949–973. doi:10.1163/001121611X579754.
3. Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun, Peng Bun Ngor and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2021. Evidence of Cryptic Diversity in Freshwater Macrobrachium Prawns from Indochinese Riverine Systems revealed by DNA Barcode, Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Approaches. PLoS ONE. 16(6): e0252546. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252546
4. K. Kunjulakshmi, MacLean Antony Santos and S. Prakash. 2022. Macrobrachium irwini sp. nov., A New Species of Freshwater Shrimp from Western Ghats, India (Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 5194(3); 416-425. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.5
5. Ana Luiza Vera-Silva, Fabrício L. Carvalho and Fernando Luis Mantelatto. 2017. Redescription of the Freshwater Shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) (Caridea, Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 4269(1); 44–60. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.2
6. Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2020. Molecular Phylogeny and Species Delimitation of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium pilimanus Species Group, with Descriptions of Three New Species from Thailand. PeerJ. 8:e10137. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10137
7. Apisara Chaowvieng, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ratmanee Chanabun, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul and Warut Siriwut. 2024. Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911), with Descriptions of Two New Species from Thailand (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae). ZooKeys. 1190: 163-193. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.113898
8. Antonina dos Santos, Liliam Hayd & Klaus Anger. A new species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) M. pantanalense, from the Pantanal, Brazil. Zootaxa. 2013, 3700 (4): 534–546. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.4.2.
9. Nukul Saengphan, Bhinyo Panijpan, Saengchan Senapin, Auaree Suksomnit and Kornsunee Phiwsaiya. 2020. Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Macrobrachium saengphani sp. nov. (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Northern Thailand. Zootaxa. 4868(4); 531–542. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.4.4
10. Yixiong Cai and Chavalit Vidthayanon. 2016. Macrobrachium spelaeus, A New Species of Stygobitic Freshwater Prawn from Thailand (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 64: 117–122.
11. Shy, J.Y., Wowor, D. and Ng, P.K.L. 2013. A New Record of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with notes on its taxonomy. Zootaxa. 3734(1): 45-55. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.1.5
12. Xiao-Ping Zhou, Qing-Hua Chen, Xiao-Zhuang Zheng, Wen-Jian Chen and Zhao-Liang Guo. 2020. Macrobrachium tenuipes, A New Stygophile Freshwater Prawn Species (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from A Karst Cave of Guangxi, southwestern China. Zootaxa. 4759(4); 511–529. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.3
13. Yoshihisa Fujita, Peter J. F. Davie and Peter K. L. Ng. 2015. A New Stygobitic Prawn of the Genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1864, from Anchialine Caves in Christmas Island, Indian Ocean; with A Rediagnosis of M. miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 63: 610–625.

外部链接

• （英文）Macrobrachium