乙酰胆碱受器中,毒蕈碱受器是一种次分类,广泛分布于中枢神经系统与自主神经系统。自主神经系统在解剖上与体神经系统相异。
自主神经系统可分成两个部分:交感神经系统与副交感神经系统。
乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine, ACh)是一种神经传导物质,在脑部与自主神经系统中广泛存在。
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M2毒蕈碱受体位于心脏,在心脏中,它们通过减慢去极化速度,使心率降至正常基线窦性心律以下。在休息条件下的人类中,迷走神经活动高于交感神经活动。因此,抑制M2受体(例如,阿托品)会导致心率升高。它们还适度降低了心房肌肉的收缩力,并降低了房室结的传导速度。它也可以稍微降低心室肌肉的收缩力。
通常,M2毒蕈碱受体通过Gi型受体起作用,这会导致细胞内cAMP的降低,电压门控Ca2+通道的抑制和K+外排的增加,通常会导致抑制型效应。
M4受体在中枢神经系统中被发现。M4受体通过Gi受体起作用,从而降低细胞中的cAMP,因此通常产生抑制作用。如果受到毒蕈碱兴奋剂刺激可能导致支气管痉挛。
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- ^ Messer, Jr, William S. Acetylcholine. 20 Jan 2000. University of Toledo. Accessed 11 September 2005.
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- ^ see Johnson, 2002.
- ^ see Richelson, 2000.
- ^ G protein diversity and complexity in G-protein Signaling. RA Fisher. University of Iowa, Lecture Notes, 2004.
- ^ see Richelson, 2000.
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- ^ University of Sydney lecture notes on the M2 receptors, 2005.
- ^ University of Sydney lecture notes on the M3 receptors, 2005.
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