橘青霉

橘青霉（学名：Penicillium citrinum）是青霉属的一种真菌。本种常生长在柑橘类水果上，有时也在热带地区的香料与谷物上生长^[3]。此外本种还可感染致倦库蚊（英语：Culex quinquefasciatus），有用作生物防治的潜力^[4][5]。

橘青霉
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲：	散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes
目：	散囊菌目 Eurotiales
科：	毛刷囊菌科 Trichocomaceae
属：	青霉属 Penicillium
种：	橘青霉 P. citrinum
二名法
Penicillium citrinum Thom, C. 1910[1]
模式菌株
ATCC 1109, ATCC 36382, BCRC 32594, Biourge 53, CBS 139.45, CCRC 32594, CECT 2269, FRR 1841, IMI 091961, IMI 092196, KCTC 6549, LSHB Ad95, LSHB P25, LSHB P6, MUCL 29781, NRRL 1841, NRRL 1842, QM 6833, Thom 4733.14, Thom P25,WB 1842[2]
异名[1]
Penicillium citrinum var. pseudopaxilli, Citromyces subtilis, Penicillium aurifluum, Penicillium phaeojanthinellum, Penicillium sartoryi, Penicillium sartorii, Penicillium botryosum

橘青霉可合成ACC、美伐他汀（英语：mevastatin）、Quinocitrinine（英语：Quinocitrinine）与橘霉素等多种次级代谢物^[6][7][8][9]，其中美伐他汀是首例他汀类药物，由日本生化学家远藤章于1970年代自橘青霉发现^[6]；橘霉素则是一种具肾毒性（英语：Nephrotoxicity）的真菌毒素^[9]。

参考文献

• 真菌主题

1. MycoBank
2. Straininfo of Penicillium citrinum
3. schimmel-schimmelpilze.de
4. Maketon, M; Amnuaykanjanasin, A; Kaysorngup, A. A rapid knockdown effect of Penicillium citrinum for control of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014, 30 (2): 727–36. PMID 24078109. S2CID 31999532. doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1500-4.
5. Da Costa, G. L.; De Oliveira, P. C. Penicillium species in mosquitoes from two Brazilian regions. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 1998, 38 (5–6): 343–7. PMID 9871332. S2CID 221872097. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<343::AID-JOBM343>3.0.CO;2-Z.
6. Endo, A.; Kuroda, M.; Tsujita, Y. ML-236A, ML-236B, and ML-236C, new inhibitors of cholesterogensis produced by Penicillium citrinum. The Journal of Antibiotics. 1976, 29 (12): 1346–8. PMID 1010803. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.29.1346 .
7. Kozlovsky, A. G.; Zhelifonova, V. P.; Antipova, T. V.; Adanin, V. M.; Ozerskaya, S. M.; Kochkina, G. A.; Schlegel, B.; Dahse, H. M.; Gollmick, F. A.; Gräfe, U. Quinocitrinines a and B, New Quinoline Alkaloids from Penicillium citrinum Thom 1910, a Permafrost Fungus. The Journal of Antibiotics. 2003, 56 (5): 488–91. PMID 12870815. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.488 .
8. Malmstrøm, J; Christophersen, C; Frisvad, J. C. Secondary metabolites characteristic of Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium steckii and related species. Phytochemistry. 2000, 54 (3): 301–9. Bibcode:2000PChem..54..301M. PMID 10870185. S2CID 26854745. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00106-0.
9. Mossini, S. A. G.; Kemmelmeier, C. Inhibition of Citrinin Production in Penicillium citrinum Cultures by Neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008, 9 (9): 1676–1684. PMC 2635761 . PMID 19325825. doi:10.3390/ijms9091676 .