查理一世的处决是指在1649年1月30日，英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰国王查理一世在伦敦白厅国宴厅外公开处决。这次处决源于英格兰内战爆发，英国骑士党和圆颅党之间发生激烈的政治和军事冲突。最终导致查理一世在英格兰内战中战败，被指控是“暴君、叛徒和国家的敌人”，并遭到逮捕并接受审判。1649年1月27日，议会高等司法院宣布查理一世的罪名成立，将其罪名定为企图“维护自己身上的无限暴虐权力，按照自己的意愿进行统治，并推翻人民的权利和自由”，并判处斩首处决[1]。其后查理一世在圣詹姆士宫度过最后几天，由他最忠诚的臣民陪同，并接受家属的探望。
1月30日，查理一世被带到国宴厅前搭建的黑色鹰架上，并有一大群人聚集。查理一世在断头台发表最后一次演讲，宣称自己无罪，继续为绝对君主制辩护，并自称是“人民的烈士”。由于许多议员、卫兵挡住断头台，人群听不到演讲，但查理一世的支持者威廉·贾克森主教将其速记下来。查尔斯向贾克森说了最后几句话，便接受匿名刽子手将其斩首，刽子手将查理一世的头颅举向人群，不久后将其扔进士兵群中。在这次处决11年过后，英国随着斯图亚特王朝复辟而恢复君主制，原先判处查理一世死刑的法官被以弑君罪处死。
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