木质醋酸菌

木质醋酸菌
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria
目：	红螺菌目 Rhodospirillales
科：	醋杆菌科 Acetobacteraceae
属：	驹形杆菌属 Komagataeibacter
种：	木质醋酸菌 K. xylinus
二名法
	Komagataeibacter xylinus;
异名
	Gluconacetobacter xylinus; Acetobacter xylinum;

木质醋酸菌（学名：Komagataeibacter xylinus) ，是醋酸菌科驹形杆菌属（英语：Komagataeibacter）的一种细菌，可合成纤维素（细菌纤维素）。市售的椰果即是木质醋酸菌将椰子水发酵后所形成的纤维素凝胶^[1]。

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名称

木质醋酸菌最早于1886年由英国酿酒专家阿德里安·约翰·布朗（英语：Adrian John Brown）发表描述，当时名称为Gluconacetobacter xylinus，后来许多学者将此菌归入醋杆菌属，名为Acetobacter xylinum。2012年，木质醋酸菌被归入新属驹形杆菌属中，并为该属的模式种^[2]^[3]。

研究

木质醋酸菌的基因组最早于2011年被定序^[4]，不过该菌株为不能生产纤维素的突变株，可生产纤维素的菌株则在2014年被定序完成^[5]。

木质醋酸菌中与合成纤维素有关的酵素由一包含四个基因的操纵子BcsABCD所编码，分别为纤维素合成酶（英语：Cellulose synthase）的四个次单元，细菌体内合成纤维素时四个基因皆需，不过体外合成时只需BcsA与BcsB即可。此菌也编码分解纤维素的纤维素酶^[6]。

应用

木质醋酸菌可作为用来研究植物纤维素合成、或细菌生物薄膜合成的模式生物^[6]。在食品工业中，木质醋酸菌是用来制作椰果的原料，此菌在椰子水中发酵产生的纤维素凝胶即为椰果^[1]。

参考文献

[1]
Nugroho, Darmawan Ari; Aji, Pradipta. Characterization of Nata de Coco Produced by Fermentation of Immobilized Acetobacter xylinum. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. 2015, 3: 278–282. ISSN 2210-7843. doi:10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.053.
[2]
Yamada, Yuzo; Yukphan, Pattaraporn; Lan Vu, Huong Thi; Muramatsu, Yuki; Ochaikul, Duangjai; Tanasupawat, Somboon; Nakagawa, Yasuyoshi. Description of Komagataeibacter gen. nov., with proposals of new combinations (Acetobacteraceae). The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 2012, 58 (5): 397–404. doi:10.2323/jgam.58.397.
[3]
Komagataeibacter. List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature. [5 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.
[4]
Ogino, H.; Azuma, Y.; Hosoyama, A.; Nakazawa, H.; Matsutani, M.; Hasegawa, A.; Otsuyama, K.-i.; Matsushita, K.; Fujita, N.; Shirai, M. Complete Genome Sequence of NBRC 3288, a Unique Cellulose-Nonproducing Strain of Gluconacetobacter xylinus Isolated from Vinegar. Journal of Bacteriology. 28 November 2011, 193 (24): 6997–6998. PMC 3232855 . PMID 22123756. doi:10.1128/JB.06158-11.
[5]
Kubiak, Katarzyna; Kurzawa, Marta; Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska, Marzena; Ludwicka, Karolina; Krawczyk, Mariusz; Migdalski, Andrzej; Kacprzak, Magdalena M.; Loska, Damian; Krystynowicz, Alina; Bielecki, Stanisław. Complete genome sequence of Gluconacetobacter xylinus E25 strain—Valuable and effective producer of bacterial nanocellulose. Journal of Biotechnology. April 2014, 176: 18–19. PMID 24556328. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.02.006.
[6]
Römling, Ute; Galperin, Michael Y. Bacterial cellulose biosynthesis: diversity of operons, subunits, products, and functions. Trends in Microbiology. September 2015, 23 (9): 545–557. PMC 4676712 . PMID 26077867. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2015.05.005.

[NugrohoAji2015-1] [1]
Nugroho, Darmawan Ari; Aji, Pradipta. Characterization of Nata de Coco Produced by Fermentation of Immobilized Acetobacter xylinum. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. 2015, 3: 278–282. ISSN 2210-7843. doi:10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.053.

[yamada_2012-2] [2]
Yamada, Yuzo; Yukphan, Pattaraporn; Lan Vu, Huong Thi; Muramatsu, Yuki; Ochaikul, Duangjai; Tanasupawat, Somboon; Nakagawa, Yasuyoshi. Description of Komagataeibacter gen. nov., with proposals of new combinations (Acetobacteraceae). The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 2012, 58 (5): 397–404. doi:10.2323/jgam.58.397.

[lpsn-3] [3]
Komagataeibacter. List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature. [5 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.

[ogino_2011-4] [4]
Ogino, H.; Azuma, Y.; Hosoyama, A.; Nakazawa, H.; Matsutani, M.; Hasegawa, A.; Otsuyama, K.-i.; Matsushita, K.; Fujita, N.; Shirai, M. Complete Genome Sequence of NBRC 3288, a Unique Cellulose-Nonproducing Strain of Gluconacetobacter xylinus Isolated from Vinegar. Journal of Bacteriology. 28 November 2011, 193 (24): 6997–6998. PMC 3232855 . PMID 22123756. doi:10.1128/JB.06158-11.

[kubiak_2014-5] [5]
Kubiak, Katarzyna; Kurzawa, Marta; Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska, Marzena; Ludwicka, Karolina; Krawczyk, Mariusz; Migdalski, Andrzej; Kacprzak, Magdalena M.; Loska, Damian; Krystynowicz, Alina; Bielecki, Stanisław. Complete genome sequence of Gluconacetobacter xylinus E25 strain—Valuable and effective producer of bacterial nanocellulose. Journal of Biotechnology. April 2014, 176: 18–19. PMID 24556328. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.02.006.

[romling_2015-6] [6]
Römling, Ute; Galperin, Michael Y. Bacterial cellulose biosynthesis: diversity of operons, subunits, products, and functions. Trends in Microbiology. September 2015, 23 (9): 545–557. PMC 4676712 . PMID 26077867. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2015.05.005.

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