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干扰因素(英语:confounder、confound或confounding variable),又称为干扰因子、干扰变量、混淆变量、共变因等,在统计学和因果关系中是指会同时影响自变量和因变量,导致出现伪关系的一种变量。在不严谨的语境下,干扰因子也可以指所有未知变量(lurking variable),包括中介变因和对撞变因。干扰因子会造成伪关系,是相关不蕴涵因果的原因之一。[1][2][3]
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