《宫娥》（西班牙语：Las Meninas），是西班牙黄金时代画家委拉斯开兹在1656年创作的一幅画作，现收藏于马德里的普拉多博物馆。此作品带有复杂且难解的构图，引起了关于实景与虚景的难题；并建构了观察者与画中人物间的不稳定关系。由于这些复杂性，《宫娥》是西方绘画中经历最多分析与研究的作品之一。
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《宫娥》长期以来是西洋美术史上的重要作品，巴洛克时期画家卢卡·焦尔达诺曾说此作品表现了“绘画的神学”；19世纪的画家托马斯·劳伦斯则称其为“艺术的哲学”；此外，《宫娥》也曾被描述成“委拉斯开兹的最高成就[1]。”
《宫娥》描绘的大房间位于国王西班牙菲利普四世的马德里王宫内，画中所描绘之人物为西班牙宫廷内成员，画面的撷取方式有如快照摄影[2]。部分人物面向观画者，有些则正在与其他人物互动。在画面中心，宫娥、护卫、一名侏儒与一只狗所环绕的小女孩是玛加丽塔·特蕾莎，腓力四世之女。在这些人的后方，则是面向观画者的画家委拉斯开兹[3]。背景中悬吊的镜子反映出国王与玛丽亚纳王后的上半身，他们处在画作所描绘的空间之外，相当于观画者的位置。有些学者指出，若依此镜像来推测，画中的委拉斯开兹正在描绘的就是国王与王后。
这幅作品光暗分明，灰中含仔细。镜中的国王、王后，以及门口的人，造成前后申延。可见固定视点，但可申延。画家戴上十字架在身，是他死后，后人为其加上去的。
Honour and Fleming (1982), p. 447.
In 1855, William Stirling wrote in Velázquez and his works: "Velázquez seems to have anticipated the discovery of Daguerre and, taking a real room and real people grouped together by chance, to have fixed them, as it were, by magic, for all time, on canvas". López-Rey (1999), Vol. I, p. 211.
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- Honour, Hugh and John Fleming. A world history of art. London: Macmillan, 1982. ISBN 1-85669-451-8
- Janson, H. W. History of art: a survey of the major visual arts from the dawn of history to the present day. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
- Kahr, Madlyn Millner. "Velazquez and Las Meninas（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". The Art Bulletin 57(2) (June 1975): 225.
- López-Rey, José. Velázquez: Catalogue Raisonné. Taschen, 1999. ISBN 3-8228-8277-1
- MacLaren, Neil. The Spanish School, National Gallery Catalogues. Rev. Allan Braham. National Gallery, London, 1970. ISBN 0-947645-46-2
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- Museo del Prado. Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, 1996. ISBN 84-7483-410-4
- Russell, John. "Masterpieces caught between two wars（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". New York Times, 3 September 1989. Retrieved 15 December 2007.
- Searle, John R. "Las Meninas and the paradoxes of pictorial representation". Critical Inquiry 6 (Spring 1980).
- Snyder, Joel and Ted Cohen. "Reflexions on Las Meninas: paradox lost". Critical Inquiry 6 (Spring 1980).
- Stone, Harriet. The classical model: literature and knowledge in seventeenth-century France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8014-3212-X
- Stratton-Pruitt, Suzanne, ed. Velazquez's 'Las Meninas'. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-80488-4
- White, Jon Manchip. Diego Velazquez: painter and courtier. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd, 1969. ISBN 0-241-01624-X
