嫡系是指家父长制中宗族、氏族的正支嫡长系血脉,代表宗族、氏族的正统传承。嫡庶制度中,承采取“有嫡立嫡,无嫡立长”(正妻有子的话立其儿子——嫡子,没有嫡子的话立妾所生最年长儿子——庶长子)的制度,称为嫡长继承制,而家主地位则正妻所生的儿子中年龄最大(嫡长子)继承,这种由嫡长子传承的家系,称为嫡系。而同一宗族的其他家系则称为庶系。
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