埃米利奥·阿奎纳多(Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy,1869年3月22日—1964年2月6日),又译为艾米里俄·阿圭那多、阿吉纳尔多、阿奎那多、阿基纳尔多、安密里奥·亚昆诺杜、阿吉诺多[3]。菲律宾他加禄人,华人、和西班牙人混血。[4][5]菲律宾军事家、政治家、独立运动领导人。[6]早期加入卡蒂普南,后与领导人滂尼发秀产生分歧,取得统治权后将其处决,并解散卡蒂普南。[7][8]后创建了菲律宾边那巴多共和国,自任总统,但不久就投降,后流亡香港。之后趁着美西战争回国参与菲律宾第一共和国,再度成为总统,是菲律宾历史上第一位共和国总统(也是世界上最年轻的国家元首和政府首脑之一)。美菲战争中投降,投靠美国。二战时投降日本,与日军合作,二战结束后因此短暂入狱,被特赦出狱。[9]菲律宾独立后,曾被委任为国务会议成员;1964年2月因病死亡,终年94岁。
他幼年丧父,初中时辍学在家,帮助母亲打点农场。17岁当上邻里玫瑰经运动组织(Binakayan)负责人(Cabeza de Barangay)。后毕业于马尼拉圣道顿马士大学。1895年当局市镇重组,26岁的阿奎纳多当选为甲米地首任自治市长。他致力于岛际航运,开通了南部的苏禄群岛旅游航线。1897年又被推戴为甲米地地方领袖。[11]
1896年1月1日阿奎纳多迎娶伊拉里娅·德尔罗萨里奥(Hilaria del Rosario,1877年–1921年),并诞下五子。伊拉里娅于1921年3月6日死于麻风病,享年45岁。[12](p. 179)后于1930年7月14日,阿奎纳多又在巴拉索延教堂与玛莉·阿贡西利奥(María Agoncillo)结为夫妻,1963年5月29日玛莉去世,享年82岁。[13]
1897 年11月1日,阿奎纳多革命集团在边那巴多(Biak-na-Bato,也被译为“比阿克纳马多”)召开代表会议,通过临时宪法,边那巴多共和国正式成立,由阿奎纳多任总统。但仅仅在一个月后的12月14日,阿奎纳多就与西班牙殖民政府议和,签订《边那巴多条约》(又译“破石洞条约”,Pact of Biak-na-Bato),并于16日正式解散革命政府,号召革命人群放弃武装斗争。[15](pp. 249–250)
Guevara, Sulpicio, ed. (1972) [1898]. The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899. English translation by Sulpicio Guevara. Manila: National Historical Commission. ISBN 9715380557. OCLC 715140.
DYAL, Donald H; CARPENTER, Brian B & THOMAS, Mark A (1996). [extract Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War] (Digital library). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-28852-4.
Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy, Famous Filipino Masons, The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines, [11 November 2013], (原始内容存档于2014-01-03)
Guevara, Sulpicio, ed. (1972) [1898]. The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899. English translation by Sulpicio Guevara. Manila: National Historical Commission. ISBN 9715380557. OCLC 715140
GUERRERO, Milagros; SCHUMACHER SJ, John (1998). DALISAY, Jose Y, ed. Kasaysayan: The Story of the Filipino People. 5 Reform and Revolution. Project Director: Teresa Maria CUSTODIO. Manila / Pleasantville NY: Asia Publishing Company, Limited (Reader's Digest). ISBN 9622582281. OCLC 39734321. "Contents: Vol 1 The Philippine Archipelago; Vol 2 The earliest Filipinos; Vol 3 The Spanish conquest; Vol 4 Life in the colony; Vol 5 Reform and revolution; Vol 6 Under stars and stripes; Vol 7 The Japanese occupation; Vol 8 Up from the ashes; Vol 9 A nation reborn; Vol 10 A timeline of Philippine history."
DELMENDO, Sharon (2004). The star-entangled banner: one hundred years of America in the Philippines. University of the Philippines Press. p. [10 ]. ISBN 978-971-542-484-4.
OOI, Keat Gin, ed. (2004). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 vols). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576077702. OCLC 646857823.
Diwa, Ladislao. Andres Bonifacio y el Katipunan. La Opinión (Manila). December 24, 1926.
Fernandez, Leandro H. Autobiography of Gregoria de Jesus. Philippine Magazine (Manila). 1930.
Reynaldo, Ileto. Filipinos and their revolution: event, discourse, and historiography. Ateneo de Manila University Press. 1998.
Guerrero, Milagros C. Balintawak: The Cry for a Nationwide Revolution. Sulyap Kultura (Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts). 1996.
Jesus-Nakpil, Gregoria. Mga Tala ng Aking Buhay at mga Ulat ng Katipunan. published by Jose P. Santos. 1932.
Kalaw, Maximo M. The Development of Philippine Politics (1872–1920) (Manila: Oriental Commercial Co. Inc., 1926; reprint ed., Manila: Solar Publishing Corp., 1986)
Kalaw, Teodoro M. The Philippine Revolution. Manila: Manila Book Store Company. 1925.
Reyes, Isabelo de los. La Sensacional memoria sobre la revolución filipina. Madrid: Tip. lit. de J. Corrales. 1899 (西班牙语).
Retana, Wenceslao E. Archivo del biblio filipino. Madrid. 1897.
Retana, Wenceslao E. Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal. [1907]. At Google Books (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Ricarte, Artemio. The Hispano-Philippine Revolution. Yokohama. 1926. This book was published by Ricarte himself, includes his memoirs on the Philippine Revolution.
Zaide, Gregorio F. Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press. 1984.
Zaide, Gregorio F. Philippine Political and Cultural History: the Philippines Since the British Invasion II 1957 Revised. Manila: McCullough Printing Company. 1957.
Zaide, Gregorio. The Women of the Katipunan. Philippines Free Press (Manila). November 26, 1932.
Zaide, Gregorio. History of the Katipunan. Loyal Press (Manila). 1939.
Zaide, Gregorio F. Documentary History of the Katipunan Discovery. Manila. 1931.
Zaide, Gregorio. The Rise and Fall of the Katipunan Press. The Sunday Tribune Magazine (Manila). October 25, 1930.
The Catholic Historical Review (Washington, D.C.: American Catholic Historical Association). 1919, 4. 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
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