国朝处置万象事宜录

国朝处置万象事宜录
越南语表记?
国语字	Quốc Triều Xử Trí Vạn Tượng Sự Nghi Lục
汉喃	國朝處置萬象事宜錄

《国朝处置万象事宜录》（越南语：Quốc Triều Xử Trí Vạn Tượng Sự Nghi Lục），又称《国朝处置万象事宜》，越南阮朝历史文献，由乂安官员吴高朗于1827年以汉文编撰。该书提及1827年万象国王阿弩（即昭阿努）反对暹罗国操纵而起兵，因失利而向阮朝求援，阮朝出兵护送阿弩返国的史实。因老挝、泰国（暹罗）有关该次战事的记录稀少或经过改写，而本书提供的史料可作补充，并对研究当时印支半岛（即中南半岛）国际关系有参考价值。

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《国朝处置万象事宜录》的编撰，与印支半岛（又称中南半岛）的地缘政治有关。越南邻近的万象王国（在今老挝），在18世纪、19世纪初时被暹罗国（今泰国）所控制。到1820年代，有“最后的战士君王”之称^[1]的万象国王阿弩（即阿努。书中又称作“佋阿弩”）不甘于暹罗操纵，乃于1826年（明命七年）起兵袭击暹人，一度抵达暹罗中部的呵叻、沙拉武里等地。其后暹王拉玛三世（书中称作“佛王”）策动反攻，于1827年（明命八年）击败万象军，阿弩逃到越南乂安（即义安）。^[2]阿弩向阮朝求助，明命帝得悉后，派军护送阿弩回万象。阿弩返国后再与暹人作战，但又遭失败，再向阮廷要求增援。明命见阿弩再时常出战但无所获，便不再出兵协助，最后阿弩失败，被俘送暹罗，其反抗暹人的行动亦以失败告终。^[3]

本书作者吴高朗（又作高朗、黎高朗），字令甫，古藤人，号圆斋。^[4]在阮廷派军到万象时，吴高朗为乂安镇书记，故此亦参与其事，做过“缮草传文”^[5]、将哀牢文件“演成华字（汉字）”^[6]等工作。1827年10月18日（明命八年农历八月二十八日），吴高朗受礼部之命，将阮朝处理万象事宜的资料，编成报告，亦即本书，并由阮廷定命为《国朝处置万象事宜录》。^[7]

关于本书的内容，“越南汉喃文献目录数据库系统检索”里有简明的描述，说它是阮朝“对暹罗讨伐万象一事的处置，即让万象向越南求救”。^[8]

从现存的内容可知，它的卷一起自1827年（明命八年）农历五月，乂安镇向阮廷通报“暹罗兵追击万象国王（阿弩）”^[9]，万象人“恳请我朝廷容许居驻”。^[10]阮朝君臣经过商议后，决定派兵“将万象国王及所属人民，安插于贡蛮三峒地分”，又“择地驻扎，严加巡防”，以备暹军来犯。^[11]在出兵之初，阮朝明命帝持观望态度，曾说过暹罗对万象的征伐“尚属传闻，未为确凿”^[12]，并由于越军在该地“间有患病，或物故者”，明命觉得“虚费机筹”而忧恼。^[13]其后经过调查，证实万象国土确已被攻占，“暹兵扎在万象、乐凡地面”，越方乃在乂安为万象国王眷属修筑公馆安置。^[14]

卷二提到，由于万象形势严峻，阮廷遂进行外交调停，在该年底“投书暹将，并护送蛮人（万象人）归国”。^[6]另外还有暹罗将领腊苏帕伐迪（Phraya Ratchasuphawadi，书中称作“丑颇祸𠫾”）给越方的书信，信中提出“阿弩为臣不忠，萌心背叛，致暹王遣兵追拿”^[15]、芒族部落“为阿弩之所逼勒，阿弩若此过动，致各芒困苦弗获宁居”等指控。后面部分的内容，现存抄本已缺。^[16]

据东南亚史学者Mayoury、Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana所提及，老挝留下的阿弩王起兵资料甚少，而暹罗军队取得的老挝相关文献也少，而暹罗的文献记录又曾被改写。而《国朝处置万象事宜录》把阿弩事件按日记事，资料充足可信，可补史料不足，并让后世读者从中了解阮氏朝廷、曼谷王朝及老挝人等势力如何作出决策的情况。^[17]此外，本书还可反驳后世政客的老挝“受越南控制”的观点，相反老挝大部分地区被曼谷王朝直接控制，阮廷对此也无可奈何。^[18]

在本书里还可一瞥当时印支地区的生活习俗，如书中记载阮廷向阿弩王赠予的米、猪只、鱼露，暹罗将领招待越南使节的干果、糯稻等资料，可反映当时生产情况。^[19]

本书的流传情况，从1884年的《内阁目录》里可知它原本著录有五册，为1868年集贤院购进。^[20]在后世有抄本流传，页数165页。^[8]在法属时期，法国远东学院取得抄本一份，内有165页（两卷），编号为“A. 949”，并制作微缩胶卷副本。后来北越（越南民主共和国）取得该抄本，收藏在越南社会科学委员会东南亚研究部。1977年，越南社会科学委员会委任学者Do Thi Hao译成越南语版本。而微缩胶卷副本则被法国远东学院收藏。此外，南越时期（越南共和国）亦有学者收藏本书的抄本及越译手抄本。^[21]

东南亚史学者Mayoury、Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana指出，此书在后世的推广和引用不多，原因之一是它的文字艰深，不易阅读，并在2001年将本书译成英语，并收录两卷本的汉文手抄本的（卷一完整，卷二有缺），成书出版，书名为《Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities》，由日本东洋文库东亚文化研究中心出版。^[22]

[1]
Grant Evans: A Short History of Laos: The Land in Between., p.25. Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest NSW, Australia.
[2]
姆·耳·马尼奇·琼赛《老挝史》，福建人民出版社，172─182。
[3]
陈重金（即陈仲金）《越南通史》（即《越南史略》），北京商务印书馆，337─338。
[4]
冯承钧《西域南海史地考证论著汇辑·安南书录》，231页；越南汉喃文献目录数据库系统检索─书目详细资料：《国朝处置万象事谊录》（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）。
[5]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.223. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[6]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.190. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[7]
>Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.24-25. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[8]
越南漢喃文獻目錄資料庫系統檢索─書目詳細資料：《國朝處置萬象事誼錄》. [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.
[9]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.266. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[10]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.265. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[11]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.264. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[12]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.242. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[13]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.230. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[14]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.225. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[15]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.187. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[16]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.183. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[17]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.18-19. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[18]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.20-21. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[19]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.23. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[20]
冯承钧《西域南海史地考证论著汇辑·安南书录》，231页。
[21]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.24-25. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.
[22]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

（中文）台湾中央研究院数位文化中心两千年中西历转换
（英文）（中文）Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana. Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities. Tokyo: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko（2001）ISBN 4896561112.
（英文）Grant Evans. A Short History of Laos: The Land in Between. Crows Nest NSW, Australia: Grant Evans（2002）ISBN 1864489979.
（中文）姆·耳·马尼奇·琼赛（泰语：หม่อมหลวงมานิจ ชุมสาย）. 《老撾史》. 厦门大学外文系翻译小组译. 福州: 福建人民出版社（1974）.
（中文）陈重金（即陈仲金）. 《越南史略》（或譯《越南通史》）. 戴可来译. 北京: 商务印书馆（1992）ISBN 7100004543.
（中文）冯承钧. 《西域南海史地考證論著彙輯》. 香港: 香港中华书局（1976）.
（中文）越南漢喃文獻目錄資料庫系統檢索. [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

[1] [1]
Grant Evans: A Short History of Laos: The Land in Between., p.25. Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest NSW, Australia.

[2] [2]
姆·耳·马尼奇·琼赛《老挝史》，福建人民出版社，172─182。

[3] [3]
陈重金（即陈仲金）《越南通史》（即《越南史略》），北京商务印书馆，337─338。

[4] [4]
冯承钧《西域南海史地考证论著汇辑·安南书录》，231页；越南汉喃文献目录数据库系统检索─书目详细资料：《国朝处置万象事谊录》（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）。

[5] [5]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.223. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[#1-6] [6]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.190. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[7] [7]
>Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.24-25. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[越南漢喃文獻目錄資料庫系統檢索-8] [8]
越南漢喃文獻目錄資料庫系統檢索─書目詳細資料：《國朝處置萬象事誼錄》. [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.

[9] [9]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.266. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[10] [10]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.265. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[11] [11]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.264. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[12] [12]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.242. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[13] [13]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.230. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[14] [14]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.225. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[15] [15]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.187. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[16] [16]
Ngo Cao Lang: The Journal of Our Imperial Court's Actions with regard to the Incident Involving the Kingdom of Ten Thousand Elephants, in Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.183. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[17] [17]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.18-19. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[18] [18]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.20-21. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[19] [19]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.23. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[20] [20]
冯承钧《西域南海史地考证论著汇辑·安南书录》，231页。

[21] [21]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, p.24-25. The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

[22] [22]
Mayoury and Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana: Vietnamese Source Materials concerning The 1827 Conflict between the Court of Siam and the Lao Principalities, The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko.

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国朝处置万象事宜录

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成书的背景

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