四灵是指南宋四位浙江诗人赵师秀号灵秀、徐照字灵晖、徐玑号灵渊、翁卷字灵舒，每人的字号中都有“灵”字，故时人称为“永嘉四灵”，其中又以赵师秀“最为佼佼者”[1]被推为四灵之冠[2]。四灵派的出现是力矫江西诗派之缺失。[3]四灵诗派学晚唐，诗宗贾岛、姚合[4]，不免有“破碎尖酸之病”，刘克庄曾受四灵派诗人赵师秀、翁卷影响，喜好雕琢。叶适编《四灵诗选》，选其诗五百篇。方回批评四灵：“所用料不过‘花、竹、鹤、僧、琴、药、茶、酒’，于此数物一步不可离，而气象小矣。”[5]
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