罗奇福德子爵乔治·博林

乔治·博林
乔治·博林;
罗奇福德子爵
	签名
出生	约1503年; 诺福克郡布利克林庄园
逝世	1536年5月17日; 伦敦塔丘
墓地	伦敦塔锁链中的圣彼得皇家礼拜堂; 51.508611°N 0.076944°W
贵族	博林家族
配偶	罗奇福德子爵夫人简·博林
父亲	第一代威尔特郡伯爵托马斯·博林
母亲	威尔特伯爵夫人伊丽莎白·博林

第二代罗奇福德子爵乔治·博林（George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford；约1503年^[1]/1504年4月^[2]至1536年5月17日）是一名英格兰贵族，安妮·博林的弟弟。他是1530年代英格兰朝廷中的重要成员，后因被控与姐姐安妮通奸让而被处决。

事实速览 乔治·博林, 出生 ...

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他是托马斯·博林和伊丽莎白·霍华德唯一的儿子，出生于诺福克郡布利克林庄园，但在肯特郡海韦尔城堡度过大部分童年。这是他的祖父威廉·博林的财产，他们家在1505年搬到这里^[3]。托马斯和伊丽莎白生了很多孩子，但只有玛丽、安妮和乔治活到了成年。

他十岁时在圣诞节上被父亲带领晋见亨利八世。他早年大部分时间待在英格兰，但也可能曾随当大使的父亲一道前往法国，因此能说一口流利的法语^[4]。1525年左右，他与简·帕克结婚^[5]。二人婚后可能并无子嗣^[6]。

1522年4月，作为他18岁的生日礼物，他和父亲一起获赐肯特郡的大量地产^[7]。1524年他首次以个人名义获得赏赐（Grimston Manor）^[8]。这显示他当时已经是国王的宠臣。枢密院的记录显示，他常和国王一起打草地滚球、网球、纸牌、射箭。二人一起打猎时曾互相以巨额资金打赌（赌博是当时欧洲贵族间常见的娱乐方式^[9]），互有胜负^[9]。

1525年，他成为国王的贴身随从（Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber）。六个月后，他在托马斯·沃尔西清除异己时遭免职，随即在1526年1月被任命为皇家斟酒人（Cup-bearer），加20镑年金^[10]。

1528年，他又获得Esquire of the Body、Master of the King's Buckhounds等头衔^[11]。1529年2月1日，他成为比尤利宫总管^[12]。1529年7月29日，他又成为伯利恒医院院长^[13]。

他在1529年年末获封骑士，重新成为贴身随从。自当年12月开始，他冠上罗奇福德子爵的头衔，他的父亲则被封为威尔特郡伯爵和奥蒙德伯爵，同时，他首次作为英格兰大使出使法兰西^[14]。

他迅速获得了弗朗索瓦一世的青睐，出使十分顺利。随后的岁月中，他又五度出使法兰西^[15]。最后一次是在1535年5月，当时是为了法王的第三子查理和他的外甥女伊丽莎白公主说亲^[16]。

自1529年末至被处决之前，他曾参与英格兰宗教改革，强调君主权力的至高无上^[17]。1535年，他参与了对托马斯·摩尔和三名加尔都西会僧侣的审判，在5月4日僧侣们处刑时也在场^[18]^[19]。

1534年6月，他获封五港总督，驻扎于多佛尔城堡^[20]，与托马斯·克伦威尔敌对^[21]。

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处决

受姐姐安妮·博林牵连，克伦威尔控告他和其他四人与安妮有染^[22]^[23]^[24]。乔治本来应该在1536年4月23日获得嘉德勋章，但也随之落空^[25]。5月2日，他和姐姐安妮一起被捕。虽然缺乏实际的通奸证据，他仍被判处英式车裂，不过最后在1536年5月17日处刑时，是处以斩首之刑。他死前发表了一场很长的演说，他不屑与去为通奸罪辩护，转而宣扬自己在改革中的功绩，围观群众大多沉默不语，并未像往常一样奚落这名受刑者^[26]。

[1]
Lindsey 1995，第xv页
[2]
Ives 2005
[3]
Ives 2005，第3, 14–15页.
[4]
Bapst 1891
[5]
Richardson II 2011，第460页.
[6]
Ellis 1824，第67–68页 Jane's letter to Cromwell
[7]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，3, 2214(29).
[8]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 546(2).
[9]
Nicolas 1827
[10]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 1939(14).
[11]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 4779.
[12]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 5248.
[13]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 5815(27).
[14]
Du Bellay I 1969，第105页.
[15]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 6073.
[16]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，8, 663, 666, 726, 909.
[17]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，5, 1022.
[18]
Calendar of State Papers, Spain，5(1), 156, 166.
[19]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，8, 609, 666, 726, 974.
[20]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，7, 922(16).
[21]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，7, 1478.
[22]
Calendar of State Papers, Spain 5(2), 61, and footnote 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
[23]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，10, 1069.
[24]
Lipscomb 2013，第23页
[25]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，10, 715, 752.
[26]
演说版本有很多，见：Wriothesley's Chronicle, pp. 39–40, Thomas, The Pilgrim, pp. 116–117, Chronicle of Calais, pp. 46–47, Constantine in Archaeologia 23, pp. 64-66. 其中最详细的是Excerpta Historica, pp. 261-265

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[1] [1]
Lindsey 1995，第xv页

[2] [2]
Ives 2005

[FOOTNOTEIves20053,_14–15-3] [3]
Ives 2005，第3, 14–15页.

[4] [4]
Bapst 1891

[FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidkjme027UeagCqGeorgeboleynvsnippetqjane20parkerffalse_460]-5] [5]
Richardson II 2011，第460页.

[6] [6]
Ellis 1824，第67–68页 Jane's letter to Cromwell

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII3,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91094_2214(29)]-7] [7]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，3, 2214(29).

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91202_546(2)]-8] [8]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 546(2).

[#1-9] [9]
Nicolas 1827

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91249_1939(14)]-10] [10]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 1939(14).

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91336_4779]-11] [11]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 4779.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91352_5248]-12] [12]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 5248.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91373_5815(27)]-13] [13]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 5815(27).

[FOOTNOTEDu_Bellay_I1969[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidbDRMpm6T19kCpg105vonepageqffalse_105]-14] [14]
Du Bellay I 1969，第105页.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII4,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid91384_6073]-15] [15]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，4, 6073.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII8,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75533_663,_666],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75534_726],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75540_909]-16] [16]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，8, 663, 666, 726, 909.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII5,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid77484_1022]-17] [17]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，5, 1022.

[FOOTNOTECalendar_of_State_Papers,_Spain5(1),_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid87918_156],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid87919_166]-18] [18]
Calendar of State Papers, Spain，5(1), 156, 166.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII8,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75532_609],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75533_666],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75534_726],_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75541_974]-19] [19]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，8, 609, 666, 726, 974.

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII7,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid79322_922(16)]-20] [20]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，7, 922(16).

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII7,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid79352_1478]-21] [21]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，7, 1478.

[22] [22]
Calendar of State Papers, Spain 5(2), 61, and footnote 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII10,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75436_1069]-23] [23]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，10, 1069.

[24] [24]
Lipscomb 2013，第23页

[FOOTNOTELetters_and_Papers,_Foreign_and_Domestic,_Henry_VIII10,_[httpwwwbritish-historyacukreportaspxcompid75427_715,_752]-25] [25]
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII，10, 715, 752.

[ScaffoldSpeech-26] [26]
演说版本有很多，见：Wriothesley's Chronicle, pp. 39–40, Thomas, The Pilgrim, pp. 116–117, Chronicle of Calais, pp. 46–47, Constantine in Archaeologia 23, pp. 64-66. 其中最详细的是Excerpta Historica, pp. 261-265

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