喜马拉雅狼 (学名 :Canis lupus chanco )[ 3] 是一种具争议的犬属 分类[ 2] 。根据它的遗传标记 ,其线粒体DNA 显示它的遗传基群 是北极 灰狼 ,而在遗传上则与藏狼相同[ 2] [ 4] [ 5] 。喜玛拉雅狼与非洲金狼 (Canis lupaster)间也有关联[ 2] [ 5] [ 6] 。在喜玛拉雅狼和藏狼的狼之间并没有明显的形态差异。[ 7] 喜马拉雅狼生活在喜马拉雅山 的拉达克 、青藏高原 [ 8] [ 9] 和中亚高地 。它们主要在海拔4000米以上。喜玛拉雅狼已经适应了低氧环境,而其他狼只发现在低海拔地区。[ 9]
Quick Facts 喜玛拉雅狼, 科学分类 ...
Close
喜玛拉雅狼
喜马拉雅狼有厚厚的皮毛,背部和尾巴呈暗褐色,面部、腹部和四肢呈黄白色。它长约110厘米(45英寸),肩高76厘米(30英寸)[ 10] [ 11] [ 12] [ 13] 。比伊朗狼 大[ 14] 。口吻、眼睛下方、上脸颊和耳朵上都有紧密排列的黑色斑点[ 15] 。重大约35千克(77磅)[ 7] 。
喜马拉雅狼的心脏能承受高海拔地区的低氧水平,使它的心脏跳动的基因RYR2为其原因[ 16] 。
喜马拉雅狼是群居动物,一群狼的数量大约为6至8只。一些喜马拉雅狼的栖息范围与印度狼 重叠。然而,两者似乎很少发生冲突。[ 17]
喜玛拉雅狼通常在晚上捕猎,主要捕捉中小型动物。主要为啮齿动物 和兔子 ,有时也会捕捉大型动物。其中包括岩羊 、藏羚羊 、喜马拉雅旱獭 等。[ 18]
Werhahn, Geraldine; Senn, Helen; Ghazali, Muhammad; Karmacharya, Dibesh; Sherchan, Adarsh Man; Joshi, Jyoti; Kusi, Naresh; López-Bao, José Vincente; Rosen, Tanya; Kachel, Shannon; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio. The unique genetic adaptation of the Himalayan wolf to high-altitudes and consequences for conservation . Global Ecology and Conservation. 2018-10, 16 [2022-07-21 ] . doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00455 . (原始内容存档 于2020-07-29) (英语) .
Alvares, F.; Bogdanowicz, W.; Campbell, L.A.D.; Godinho, R.; Hatlauf, J.; Jhala, Y.V.; Kitchener, A. C.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Krofel, M.; Moehlman, P. D.; Senn, H.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Viranta, S.; Werhahn, G. Old World Canis spp. with taxonomic ambiguity: Workshop conclusions and recommendations (PDF) (报告). Vairão, Portugal: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. 28th–30th May 2019 [2020-03-06 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2021-03-08).
Ersmark, Erik; Klütsch, Cornelya F. C.; Chan, Yvonne L.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Fain, Steven R.; Illarionova, Natalia A.; Oskarsson, Mattias; Uhlén, Mathias; Zhang, Ya-ping; Dalén, Love; Savolainen, Peter. From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region . Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2016-12-02, 4 [2022-07-21 ] . ISSN 2296-701X . doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00134 . (原始内容存档 于2017-03-13).
Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A. Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species . Current Biology. 2015-08, 25 (16) [2022-07-21 ] . doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 . (原始内容存档 于2022-08-03) (英语) .
Joshi, BheemDutt; Lyngdoh, Salvador; Singh, Sujeet Kumar; Sharma, Reeta; Kumar, Vinay; Tiwari, Ved Prakash; Dar, S. A.; Maheswari, Aishwarya; Pal, Ranjana; Bashir, Tawqir; Reshamwala, Hussain Saifee. Janke, Axel , 编. Revisiting the Woolly wolf (Canis lupus chanco) phylogeny in Himalaya: Addressing taxonomy, spatial extent and distribution of an ancient lineage in Asia . PLOS ONE. 2020-04-16, 15 (4). ISSN 1932-6203 . PMC 7162449 . PMID 32298359 . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231621 (英语) .
Werhahn, Geraldine; Liu, Yanjiang; Meng, Yao; Cheng, Chen; Lu, Zhi; Atzeni, Luciano; Deng, Zhixiong; Kun, Shi; Shao, Xinning; Lu, Qi; Joshi, Jyoti. Himalayan wolf distribution and admixture based on multiple genetic markers . Journal of Biogeography. 2020-06, 47 (6) [2022-07-21 ] . ISSN 0305-0270 . doi:10.1111/jbi.13824 . (原始内容存档 于2022-07-21) (英语) .
Blanford, W. T. Canis lupus . The Wolf . The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia First. London: Taylor and Francis. 1888: 135–140.
Lydekker, R. The Tibetan Wolf . The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet. London: R. Ward. 1900: 339–340.
Jerdon, T. C. The Indian wolf . The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India. London: John Wheldon. 1874: 140–141.
Zhang, Wenping; Fan, Zhenxin; Han, Eunjung; Hou, Rong; Zhang, Liang; Galaverni, Marco; Huang, Jie; Liu, Hong; Silva, Pedro; Li, Peng; Pollinger, John P. Akey, Joshua M. , 编. Hypoxia Adaptations in the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus chanco) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . PLoS Genetics. 2014-07-31, 10 (7). ISSN 1553-7404 . PMC 4117439 . PMID 25078401 . doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004466 (英语) .