唐冠螺科(学名:Cassidae[1]:171,亦作冠螺科,是一个腹足纲软体动物,其物种为中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺[2]。旧属中腹足目异腹足目,今属玉黍螺类支序鹑螺总科[2][3]

Quick Facts 唐冠螺科, 科学分类 ...
唐冠螺科
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Lateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrum
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
演化支 直腹足类 Orthogastropoda
演化支 后生腹足类 Apogastropoda
亚纲: 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda
目: 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
总科: 鹑螺总科 Tonnoidea
科: 唐冠螺科 Cassidae

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本科现时有约60个物种,例如:万宝螺Cypraecassis rufa)。

命名

若按唐冠螺属的学名来命名,本科的学名应作“Cassididae”,但这样就会跟另一种甲虫分类龟金花虫科 的学名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基于Cassida Linnaeus, 1758金花虫科物种,但现时已降格成为龟金花虫亚科)相冲。所以ICZN根据Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129),接受了现时的学名,以避免重复命名的出现[2]

分布

本科物种分布于热带海域及温带的潮间带,水深可达100米。日间会埋在海底的沙里,到晚上才出来活动。

形态特征

本物种螺壳手性均为右旋。体型通常很大。螺厣长圆形,薄而且有尖刺,能完全覆盖其长长的壳口水管沟直或微弯。壳口外唇较厚,内里有齿。

解剖

本科物种的外套膜很大,腹足大而且厚肉。头部有可伸缩的长鼻,可协助捕食。眼睛在一对触角的基部。

食性

本科物种以棘皮动物(特别是海胆)为食:冠螺科物种的头部有长长的口器,连接两个大大的长鼻腺,可分泌出一种含丰富硫酸的分泌液[4]。冠螺会先用其腹足夹紧海胆,然后再分泌酸液在其外壳融解出一个洞,再从这个洞伸进齿舌去刮食海胆的肉[4]

分类

布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年),作者依从Riedel (1995),唐冠螺科仍然被列作鹑螺科Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825))之下的一个亚科(Cassinae Latreille, 1825)[3][5],直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才将本分类提升到科级层次[6][7]

本科包括下列各属[2]

  • 唐冠螺亚科 Cassinae Latreille, 1825 == 卵螺亚科 Oocorythinae P. Fischer, 1885
    • 唐冠螺属 Cassis Scopoli, 1777[7]:79
    • 万宝螺属 Cypraecassis Stutchbury, 1837
    • Dalium Dall, 1889
    • Eucorys Beu, 2008[6]
    • 粗皮鬘螺属 Galeodea Link, 1807 == 粗皮卵螺属 Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957
    • Haydenia Gabb, 1864
    • Microsconsia Beu, 2008[6]
    • 卵螺属 Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
    • Sconsia Gray, 1847
  • 鬘螺亚科 Phaliinae Beu, 1981
    • Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853
    • Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
    • 鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells
    • Semicassis Mörch, 1852

异名

以下各属被认为是异名

  • Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
  • Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
  • Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
  • Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
  • Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
  • Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
  • Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852

图库

人类使用

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Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.

  • The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
  • The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
  • The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
  • The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.

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